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Spanish (Spain)

### Moving to another province

Spain has fifty **provincias**, and most of them take the name of their capital city.

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A village is usually placed by its province, since the village itself may be too small to be known:

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**Acogedor** describes a place that makes you feel at home: a cozy flat, a welcoming village.

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### People who arrive

**El inmigrante** has come to live in a country. Seen from the country they left, the same person is *un emigrante*.

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**La jubilación** is retirement, the noun of *jubilarse* (the person is *un jubilado*). Many northern Europeans move to the Spanish coast for it:

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### Hot weather

| what is hot | how to say it |
|---|---|
| a day, a month, a summer | **caluroso** |
| something you touch: coffee, an iron | *caliente* |
| the weather, as a verb | *hace calor* |
| how you feel | *tengo calor* |

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*Caliente* is usually for things you can touch, so a hot summer is *caluroso*. **Caluroso** takes *más* like any adjective:

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### Trade and the mosque

**El comercio** is buying and selling, from a local economy to *el comercio internacional* between countries. *Vivir de* is to live off something:

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**La mezquita** is the mosque. Spain's most famous one, in Córdoba, is more than a thousand years old. Friday is the weekly day of shared prayer:

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A new home in another province (la provincia, el inmigrante)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the province	la provincia
Spain has fifty provinces.	España tiene cincuenta provincias.
We moved to a village in this province.	Nos mudamos a un pueblo de esta provincia.
Which province is your village in?	¿En qué provincia está tu pueblo?
the immigrant	el inmigrante
Many immigrants live in my neighborhood.	En mi barrio viven muchos inmigrantes.
My grandmother arrived in Spain as an immigrant.	Mi abuela llegó a España como inmigrante.
My neighbor is an immigrant: she arrived ten years ago.	Mi vecina es inmigrante: llegó hace diez años.
the mosque	la mezquita
There is a new mosque in my neighborhood.	Hay una mezquita nueva en mi barrio.
On Fridays, my neighbor goes to the mosque.	Los viernes, mi vecino va a la mezquita.
The mosque is next to the church.	La mezquita está al lado de la iglesia.
commerce, trade (buying and selling)	el comercio
This province lives off tourism and trade.	Esta provincia vive del turismo y del comercio.
My brother studies international trade.	Mi hermano estudia comercio internacional.
This year trade with other countries has grown a lot.	Este año el comercio con otros países ha crecido mucho.
hot (of weather: a day, a summer)	caluroso
Summers here are very hot.	Los veranos aquí son muy calurosos.
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.	Ayer fue el día más caluroso del año.
August is a very hot month in the south.	Agosto es un mes muy caluroso en el sur.
the retirement	la jubilación
My parents spend their retirement on the coast.	Mis padres pasan su jubilación en la costa.
My grandfather is very happy with his retirement.	Mi abuelo está muy contento con su jubilación.
Many English people come to live here after retirement.	Muchos ingleses vienen a vivir aquí después de la jubilación.
cozy, welcoming (of a place)	acogedor
It's a small village, but very welcoming.	Es un pueblo pequeño, pero muy acogedor.
Our new flat is small but cozy.	Nuestro nuevo piso es pequeño pero acogedor.
This café is very cozy.	Esta cafetería es muy acogedora.

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