Temporary roles (estar de)

What You Are vs. What You Are Being

You just met estar para for moods and readiness. Its sibling estar de + noun answers a different question: not what are you? but what are you doing at the moment? — a job you are filling in for, a trip you are on, a state you are passing through.

Working As

With an occupation, estar de says someone is working as something right now — with no claim that it is their profession:

My brother is working as a waiter in a small restaurant.
Mi hermano está de mesero en un restaurante pequeño.
This month, he is filling in as a teacher at the school.
Este mes, él está de maestro en la escuela.

Note there is no article after de: está de mesero, never está de un mesero.

Away and Off

The same frame covers temporary situations — vacations, trips, moods:

She is on vacation this week.
Ella está de vacaciones esta semana.
My father is away on a trip for work.
Mi padre está de viaje por el trabajo.
My parents are on vacation at the beach.
Mis padres están de vacaciones en la playa.
Why are you in a bad mood?
¿Por qué estás de mal humor?

Ser vs. Estar de

Ser + profession states what someone is; estar de states what they are temporarily doing. Spanish happily puts both in one sentence:

He is a teacher, but this year he is working as a waiter.
Él es maestro, pero este año está de mesero.
claimverbexample
identity / professionserEs maestro.
temporary role or stateestar deEstá de mesero.

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