Preterite vs. imperfect

When telling a story in the past, Spanish uses two tenses to paint the picture: the imperfect and the preterite. Think of the imperfect as setting the stage, while the preterite is the main event that suddenly happens.

Background vs. Interruption

To show how a sudden event interrupts an ongoing background action, use both tenses in the same sentence:

  • Imperfect: The ongoing background action (what you were doing).
  • Preterite: The completed, sudden action that interrupts (what happened).

These sentences often use the word cuando (when) to introduce the interruption.

We were camping when this wolf scared us.
Acampábamos cuando este lobo nos asustó.
I was reading a book when this spider scared me.
Leía un libro cuando esta araña me asustó.

Adding emphasis with "de repente"

To make a story more dramatic, use the phrase de repente.

suddenly
de repente
I was walking through the forest when suddenly a bear appeared.
Yo caminaba por el bosque cuando de repente apareció un oso.
I was going to the river when suddenly a wolf came.
Iba al río cuando de repente vino un lobo.

Using "mientras"

You can also use mientras (while) to introduce the ongoing background action in the imperfect tense, followed by the interrupting action in the preterite.

While the wolf was drinking water, the bear scared it.
Mientras el lobo bebía agua, el oso lo asustó.