Neuter demonstratives (esto, eso, aquello)

You can now point at any noun you can name: este libro, esa casa, aquella montaña. But what if you do not know what something is? You cannot pick a gender for it! For exactly this, Spanish has three neuter demonstrative pronouns.

esto, eso, aquello

The same three distances as the demonstrative adjectives — but these forms never change: no gender, no plural.

DistancePronounMeaning
near meestothis
near youesothat
far from us bothaquellothat (over there)
What is this?
¿Qué es esto?
What is that over there in the sky?
¿Qué es aquello en el cielo?
That over there is a mountain.
Aquello es una montaña.

Ideas and situations

The neuter forms also point at whole statements and situations — things that have no gender at all. You have seen eso do this since the beginning:

That is not true.
Eso no es verdad.
I do not understand this.
No entiendo esto.

Never before a noun

Unlike este or aquella, the neuter pronouns always stand alone. Before a noun, keep using the adjective forms: este regalo, but esto by itself.

This is a gift for you.
Esto es un regalo para ti.