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Spanish (Latin America)

### Where someone is from

To give someone's nationality, use **ser** + a nationality adjective: *Ella es mexicana.* Spanish capitalizes country names — **México**, **Colombia** — but nationality adjectives are always lowercase: *mexicano*, never *Mexicano*.

### From country to nationality

Most nationality adjectives are built from the country name and end in **-o**:

| Country | He is... | She is... |
|---|---|---|
| México | {{item:848577}} | mexicana |
| Colombia | {{item:848586}} | colombiana |
| Perú | {{item:848589}} | peruana |
| Chile | {{item:848592}} | chilena |
| Argentina | {{item:848583}} | argentina |
| Cuba | {{item:848595}} | cubana |
| Brasil | {{item:848598}} | brasileña |

These agree like any other **-o** adjective: **-o** for a man, **-a** for a woman, and **-s** for more than one person — *mexicanos*, *mexicanas*. Note **brasileño**, with the **ñ** you know from *niño*.

{{item:848579}}

### One form for everyone: -ense

The adjective for the United States (**Estados Unidos**) is **estadounidense**. Adjectives in **-ense** are invariable, like *inteligente* or *amable*: one form for both genders, adding only **-s** in the plural.

{{item:848580}}

{{item:848582}}

In Latin America, *estadounidense* is the precise word for people from the United States — **América** is the whole continent, so *americano* can mean anyone from it.

### Asking about it

The noun is **la nacionalidad**. Ask directly with *¿Cuál es...?*, or ask where someone is from with *¿De dónde...?* + **ser**:

{{item:848601}}

{{item:848602}}

{{item:848587}}

Nationalities

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

expression

interjection

noun

numeral

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (yo soy)

Noun gender and definite articles (el, la)

Basic sentences and negation (no)

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Formal and informal you (tú vs. usted)

Plural pronouns and the verb to be (somos, son)

Making nouns plural (-s, -es)

Plural articles (los, las, unos, unas)

Noun gender exceptions

Adjective agreement

Invariable adjectives

State and location (estar)

Ser vs. estar

There is / there are (hay)

Hay vs. estar

To have (tener)

Possession (de)

Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su)

Regular -ar verbs

Yes/No questions

What and who (qué, quién)

Regular -er verbs

Regular -ir verbs

Asking where (dónde, adónde)

How, when, and why (cómo, cuándo, por qué)

How much and how many (cuánto)

Days of the week

Going to a place (ir a)

Preposition contractions (al, del)

In and by (en)

With me and with you (conmigo, contigo)

Prepositional pronouns (mí, ti)

Conjunctions (y, o, pero)

Giving reasons (porque)

Stem-changing verbs (e to ie)

Stem-changing verbs (o to ue)

Stem-changing verbs (e to i)

Irregular yo forms (hago, salgo)

To know (saber vs. conocer)

Weather expressions (hace, está)

Desires and plans (querer)

Ability and requests (poder)

Obligations (tener que)

Expressing likes (me gusta)

Plural likes (me gustan)

Verbs like gustar (encantar, doler)

Very vs. a lot (muy, mucho)

Numbers 0 to 15 (cero, uno, dos…)

Numbers 16 to 31 (dieciséis, veinte…)

Numbers 30 to 1000 (treinta, cien, mil)

Months of the year (enero, febrero, marzo)

Seasons and dates (el dos de mayo)

Telling time (es la..., son las...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero, segundo, tercero)

Reflexive pronouns and verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

The present continuous (estar + -ando, -iendo)

Near demonstrative adjectives (este, esta, estos, estas)

Medium demonstrative adjectives (ese, esa, esos, esas)

Comparatives of inequality (más / menos ... que)

Comparatives of equality (tan ... como)

Indefinite and negative pronouns (algo, nada, alguien, nadie)

Affirmative commands

Far demonstratives (aquel, aquella)

Possessive pronouns (el mío, el tuyo)

Shortened indefinite adjectives (algún, ningún)

Adverbs of quantity (demasiado, bastante)

Adverbs of frequency (a menudo, a veces)

Adverb formation (-mente)

Exclamations (¡Qué...!)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Relative superlatives (el más... de)

Adjective intensification (-ísimo)

Indirect object pronouns

Pronoun placement with infinitives

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

The 'se lo' rule (se lo, se la)

Impersonal statements (se)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Personal obligation (deber)

Starting actions (empezar a)

Finishing and quitting actions (terminar de, dejar de)

Repeating actions (volver a)

Continuing actions (seguir + gerundio)

Question	Answer
Mexican	mexicano
My friend is Mexican.	Mi amigo es mexicano.
She is Mexican and lives in Mexico.	Ella es mexicana y vive en México.
American (US)	estadounidense
I am American.	Yo soy estadounidense.
They are American, but they speak Spanish.	Ellas son estadounidenses, pero hablan español.
Argentinian	argentino
Is your teacher Argentinian?	¿Tu profesor es argentino?
No, but my wife is Argentinian.	No, pero mi esposa es argentina.
Colombian	colombiano
Where is she from? She is Colombian.	¿De dónde es ella? Es colombiana.
Our doctor is Colombian.	Nuestro doctor es colombiano.
Peruvian	peruano
My mom is Peruvian.	Mi mamá es peruana.
They are Peruvian and live in Peru.	Ellos son peruanos y viven en Perú.
Chilean	chileno
The boy is Chilean.	El chico es chileno.
Are you Chilean?	¿Usted es chileno?
Cuban	cubano
His dad is Cuban.	Su papá es cubano.
Cuban music is pretty.	La música cubana es bonita.
Brazilian	brasileño
We are Brazilian.	Nosotros somos brasileños.
My grandmother is Brazilian, but she does not speak Spanish.	Mi abuela es brasileña, pero no habla español.
the nationality	la nacionalidad
What is your nationality?	¿Cuál es tu nacionalidad?
Nationality is not important.	La nacionalidad no es importante.