Masculine and feminine pairs
Most Spanish nouns follow one pattern: -o for the masculine, -a for the feminine, with the article moving too.
- el hermano / la hermana
- el amigo / la amiga
- el abuelo / la abuela
It is a tendency, not a law — el estudiante ends in -e and takes el. When the ending does not tell you, the article does.
| I am the brother and you are the sister. | Yo soy el hermano y tú eres la hermana. |
| The grandfather is from Mexico and the grandmother is from Colombia. | El abuelo es de México y la abuela es de Colombia. |
Naming someone, not describing them
Professions went bare last lesson. Here the article is back, because these sentences pick out a particular person.
| The brother is the professor. | El hermano es el profesor. |
| He is the friend from Mexico. | Es el amigo de México. |
pero and no
no also works between two nouns, to correct which one you mean.
| The boy is from Mexico, but the girl is from Colombia. | El niño es de México, pero la niña es de Colombia. |
| You are the brother, not the friend. | Eres el hermano, no el amigo. |
| She is the sister, not the friend. | Es la hermana, no la amiga. |
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