Learn Russian: Чтобы не упасть от изнеможения, стоит вырваться на природу. - In order not to fall from exhaustion, it is worth escaping to nature.

Actually, no. Even though it has the вы- prefix and -ся suffix, they are used here in their spatial and literal sense: вы- (out of) and -ся (oneself). Вырваться literally means 'to tear oneself out,' and translates to 'to escape' or 'break free.' The exhaustion in this sentence is just the reason for escaping, rather than a result of the saturative pattern itself (where the verb means to do an action to your heart's content, like выговориться).

Why is the infinitive упасть used after чтобы не instead of the past tense?

You use the infinitive with чтобы when the subject of the main clause and the чтобы clause are the same. Here, the main sentence uses the impersonal стоит (it is worth), so the general implied subject applies to both actions. If the subjects were different, you would use the past tense (for example, Я хочу, чтобы ты не упал).

Why do we use the preposition от in от изнеможения (from exhaustion) rather than из-за?

In Russian, от followed by the genitive case is the standard way to express an involuntary physical or emotional state that directly causes a physical reaction. Since exhaustion (изнеможение) is an internal physical state causing you to fall, от is required. You would use из-за for external causes.