Learn Russian: Слушая фоновую музыку, я зачитался и забыл о времени. - Listening to background music, I got engrossed in reading and forgot about the time.

The strict rule for verbal adverbs (деепричастия) is that their implied subject must be exactly the same as the subject of the main clause. In this sentence, я (I) is the subject of the main verbs зачитался and забыл. Because this same я is also the person listening to music, using слушая is grammatically correct. If someone else were listening, you would have to use a regular clause with когда.

Can an imperfective verbal adverb like слушая be used with perfective main verbs like зачитался?

Yes! The imperfective verbal adverb слушая shows that the listening was an ongoing, continuous background action. The perfective main verbs (зачитался, забыл) describe completed events that occurred while that ongoing background action was taking place.

What gives зачитался the specific meaning of 'got engrossed in reading' rather than just 'read'?

Wrapping a verb in the prefix за- and the reflexive suffix -ся often creates the meaning of doing an action to excess or getting completely absorbed in it, to the point of losing track of your surroundings. You will also see this pattern in words like задуматься (to be lost in thought) or заиграться (to get carried away playing).

Why does the word время change to времени after the preposition ?