Breakdown of Ты надолго приехал в Москву?
ты
you (singular)
приезжать
to arrive (by vehicle)
надолго
for a long time (ahead)
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Questions & Answers about Ты надолго приехал в Москву?
Why use надолго instead of just долго?
Долго means the action itself took a long time, like a long journey. Надолго means the result of the action will last a long time. Here, the speaker is asking if your stay in Moscow will be long, not if the travel took a long time.
Why is the verb приехал instead of пришёл?
Both verbs mean "arrived" or "came", but Russian has specific verbs for moving by foot versus moving by transport. Приехал implies you used a vehicle (train, plane, car) to get to Moscow. Пришёл would mean you walked there on foot!
Why is it в Москву (Accusative case) instead of в Москве (Prepositional case)?
With verbs of motion like приехать, you must use the Accusative case to show the destination or direction of travel ("to Moscow"). You use the Prepositional case (в Москве) only for static location ("in Moscow") with non-motion verbs, such as living or working there.
Why is приехал in the past tense when the English translation says "Have you come"?
Russian does not have a perfect tense like English does. Instead, it uses the past tense of a perfective verb (приехал) to describe a completed action that has an ongoing result in the present. The arrival is finished, but the person is now in Moscow.