Question 1

How do we form the participle открытое from the verb открыть?

Accepted Answer

Открыть (to open) is a perfective verb ending in -ыть. Verbs with this ending form their past passive participle using the -т- suffix rather than -нн-. We drop the soft sign (-ь) from the infinitive and add standard adjective endings. Because вино is a neuter noun, we add the neuter ending -ое to get открытое (opened).

Question 2

Could we use the short-form participle открыто here instead?

Accepted Answer

No. Because "opened" is acting as an attribute directly modifying the noun right next to it, we must use the full-form participle открытое, which declines like an adjective. You would only use the short form открыто if it were the main predicate of a sentence, such as Это вино открыто (This wine is opened).

Question 3

What case is the phrase это открытое вино in?

Accepted Answer

It is in the accusative case, as it is the direct object of the verb пить (to drink). Because вино is an inanimate neuter noun, its accusative form—along with its modifiers это and открытое—looks exactly the same as the nominative case.

Question 4

Why is the imperfective verb пить used after нельзя rather than the perfective выпить?

Accepted Answer

When нельзя is followed by an imperfective verb like пить, it means "it is forbidden" or "you must not" do it. If it were followed by a perfective verb, нельзя would mean "it is impossible" (for example, if you were physically unable to drink it). Since the speaker is saying you should not drink it, the imperfective is required.

Нельзя пить это открытое вино.

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