Questions & Answers about Ты выучил новые слова?
Why do we use a form of учить here instead of изучать or учиться?
The verb учить (and its completed form выучить) is used for memorizing specific pieces of information, like vocabulary words, rules, or a poem. You use изучать for studying a broad subject (like history), and учиться to talk about where or how you study (like at a university).
Why does the verb start with вы- instead of just being учил?
Выучить is the perfective (completed action) form of учить. The speaker is asking about the result: did you successfully finish memorizing the words? If they used the imperfective учил, it would just ask if you spent time learning them, regardless of whether you actually finished memorizing them.
What case is новые слова in this sentence?
It is in the accusative case because it is the direct object (the thing receiving the action of being learned). For plural nouns that are inanimate (not people or animals), the accusative case endings look exactly the same as the basic nominative dictionary endings.
The word order is exactly the same as a statement. How do we know it is a question?
In Russian, yes/no questions often keep the exact same word order as a normal sentence. You turn it into a question purely by making your voice pitch jump up on the most important word being asked about, which is usually the verb выучил in this context.
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