Breakdown of Я хочу знать всё о космосе.
я
I
знать
to know
хотеть
to want
о
about (о, об, обо)
весь
all, the whole, everything, everyone
космос
space, cosmos
Questions & Answers about Я хочу знать всё о космосе.
Why do we use всё here instead of весь or все?
In this sentence, всё means 'everything'. It is the neuter singular form of the pronoun весь. Here it acts as a noun and is the direct object (Accusative case) of the verb знать (to know). For neuter words, the Accusative form looks exactly the same as the Nominative (subject) form.
How can I tell the difference between всё (everything) and все (everyone) if Russians often do not type the two dots over the letter ё?
Context is your best tool! всё refers to things ('everything'), while все is plural and refers to people ('everyone') or all items in a plural group. In this sentence, wanting to know 'everyone' about space does not make much sense, so it must be 'everything'.
Why does космосе end in -е?
It is in the Prepositional case because it describes what the knowing is 'about', following the preposition о (about). The dictionary form is космос (space), which is a regular masculine noun ending in a consonant, so we just add -е to form the Prepositional case.
Why is знать in its infinitive (dictionary) form?
Because it comes right after a verb that is already conjugated. We conjugated the first verb to match 'I' (Я хочу - I want), so the second verb знать (to know) stays in its basic infinitive form, just like in English.
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