Breakdown of Золото — более ценный металл, чем серебро.
чем
than / the (in comparisons)
золото
gold
более
more
ценный
valuable
Questions & Answers about Золото — более ценный металл, чем серебро.
Why is серебро in the Nominative case here? Don't we use the Genitive case for comparisons?
You have two ways to compare things in Russian! You can either put the second item in the Genitive case without a conjunction, or you can use the word чем (than) followed by the Nominative case. Because this sentence uses чем, серебро stays in the Nominative.
Why do we say более ценный (more valuable) instead of a short, single comparative word?
In Russian, when a comparative adjective directly attaches to a noun to describe it (like "a more valuable metal"), you usually use the compound form: более (more) + the normal adjective (ценный). The short, single-word comparatives you learned earlier are mostly used when simply stating "A is more [adjective] than B" without an extra noun at the end.
Золото (gold) is a neuter noun, so why does the adjective ценный have a masculine ending?
What is the long dash (—) doing after Золото?
It acts as a substitute for the word "is". In the present tense, Russian doesn't use linking verbs like "am", "is", or "are". When the core of your sentence is equating one noun with another (Gold = metal), you write a dash between them to show that connection.