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Questions & Answers about Тебе сегодня грустно?
Why does the sentence use тебе instead of ты for 'you'?
In Russian, expressions of physical or emotional state are often impersonal. Instead of saying 'You are sad', the grammar basically means 'It is sad to you'. Тебе is the Dative case of ты (informal you) because the feeling is happening to you.
Why does грустно end in -о? Is it an adjective?
Грустно is a predicative adverb here. In these impersonal sentences, Russian uses the adverb form ending in -о rather than an adjective matching the person. You are not describing a specific noun, but rather the general state of things.
Where is the verb 'are' in this sentence?
In the present tense, Russian drops the verb 'to be' (is/are/am). The verb is simply understood from the context. If you wanted to ask about the past ('Were you sad?'), you would add the neuter past-tense verb было: Тебе было грустно?
Just to be sure, how is the г in сегодня pronounced?
The letter г in сегодня is pronounced like a 'v', so the word sounds like 'se-vod-nya'. This is a very common pronunciation rule in Russian that applies to the word 'today' and adjectives ending in -его or -ого.