Telling time: first half of the hour (минут первого)

To express the time for the first half of the hour (1 to 29 minutes past the hour), Russian looks ahead to the upcoming hour. For example, 2:10 is expressed literally as "ten minutes of the third [hour]."

First, state the minutes normally (e.g., десять минут). Then, add the ordinal number for the next hour in the masculine Genitive case (because the implied word for hour, час, is masculine).

Upcoming HourGenitive OrdinalExample Time
1st (12:XX)первого12:10 = десять минут первого
2nd (1:XX)второго1:20 = двадцать минут второго
3rd (2:XX)третьего2:15 = пятнадцать минут третьего
4th (3:XX)четвёртого3:05 = пять минут четвёртого
5th (4:XX)пятого4:10 = десять минут пятого

Notice how 12:10 looks ahead to the first hour (первого), and 2:10 looks ahead to the third hour (третьего).

Look at the clock face: it is already ten minutes past eight!
Посмотри на циферблат: уже десять минут девятого!

If you want to state that an event happens at a certain time, just add the preposition в before the minutes. The time phrase itself does not change form.

I appreciate punctuality, after all the train leaves at twenty minutes past four.
Я ценю пунктуальность, ведь поезд отходит в двадцать минут пятого.

Extreme Punctuality

When exact timing matters, you will encounter vocabulary for precise intervals and the physical parts of a clock, such as секунда (second), циферблат (clock face), and стрелка (clock hand).

If your watch is falling behind schedule, use the verb отставать (to run slow):

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