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### The Reflexive Possessive Pronoun: Свой

The reflexive possessive pronoun **свой** translates to "one's own" (my own, your own, his own, etc.). It points back to the subject of the sentence to show they own the object.

**Свой** matches the gender and number of the noun it describes, just like **мой** and **твой**:

| Gender / Number | Nominative (Subject) | Accusative (Inanimate Direct Object) |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | свой | свой |
| Neuter | своё | своё |
| Feminine | своя | свою |
| Plural | свои | свои |

### Using Свой to mean "One's Own"

In the **У + [person] + есть** ("to have") construction, use **свой** to emphasize that someone has their *own* item.

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### Actions with Your Own Belongings

When doing something to an object (like losing a wallet or grabbing your headphones), the object takes the **accusative case**. With "I," "you," or "we," **свой** is a natural alternative to **мой**, **твой**, or **наш**.

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### The Third-Person Rule

For the third person ("he," "she," or "they"), using **свой** is **mandatory** if the subject owns the object. 

Saying **Он забывает его пароль** (He forgets his password) implies he forgot *someone else's* password. To say he forgot his *own*, you must use **свой**.

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### Packing and Organizing

You will frequently see **свой** used for daily routines, packing bags, or putting items in your pocket (**карман**). Notice how the pronoun matches the noun's gender and number.

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Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Genitive of negation (нет)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Absence (нет)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Tens to 100

Question	Answer
charger / battery charge	зарядка
Anna has her own charger.	У Анны есть своя зарядка.
Where is my charger? You have your own!	Где моя зарядка? У тебя есть своя!
to lose	терять
headphones	наушники
Ivan often loses his headphones.	Иван часто теряет свои наушники.
to lose (perfective)	потерять
Did you lose your headphones?	Ты потерял свои наушники?
wallet	кошелёк
I lost my wallet!	Я потерял свой кошелёк!
I cannot find my wallet.	Я не могу найти свой кошелёк.
notebook (notepad)	блокнот
Every student has his own notebook.	У каждого студента есть свой блокнот.
He never forgets his password.	Он никогда не забывает свой пароль.
She puts the phone into her bag.	Она кладёт телефон в свою сумку.
He is looking for his passport.	Он ищет свой паспорт.
We have our own apartment.	У нас есть своя квартира.
folder	папка
The secretary puts the contract into her folder.	Секретарь кладёт договор в свою папку.
to pack / to collect, gather	собирать
In the morning I pack my things.	Утром я собираю свои вещи.
to pack (perfective) / to gather, to collect	собрать
I must pack my suitcase.	Я должен собрать свой чемодан.
Anna was washing her face and packing her things.	Анна умывалась и собирала свои вещи.
You need to pack your backpack.	Тебе нужно собрать свой рюкзак.
Why do you always lose your notepad and your folder?	Почему ты всегда теряешь свой блокнот и свою папку?
pocket	карман
I put my phone in the left pocket, and I put my key in the right pocket.	Я кладу свой телефон в левый карман, а свой ключ кладу в правый карман.
He is putting the wallet into his pocket.	Он кладёт кошелёк в свой карман.
to continue, to go on	продолжаться
The rain continues.	Дождь продолжается.
The lesson goes on for an hour.	Урок продолжается час.
to happen, to occur	случаться
This happens rarely.	Это случается редко.
What happened?	Что случилось?
to seem	казаться
It seems to me that he is right.	Мне кажется, что он прав.
She seems tired.	Она кажется усталой.

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