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When tracking inventory or discussing bulk shipments, you will frequently group goods using numerical nouns.

### Numerical Nouns and the Genitive Plural

Words like **десяток** (ten), **дюжина** (a dozen), and **сотня** (a hundred) are *nouns*, not standard numerals. The items they count always take the **Genitive plural** case, similar to saying "a dozen *of* cups."

Because **десяток** is a masculine inanimate noun, its Accusative form (for direct objects) is identical to its Nominative form.

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**Дюжина** is a regular feminine noun. When it is the direct object of a verb, it changes to **дюжину** in the Accusative case. The items being counted remain in the Genitive plural.

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### Defective Goods and Write-offs

When managing a warehouse, you will inevitably deal with **бракованный** (defective) items. The verb used to remove these from your inventory is **списать** (to write off).

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### Hundreds and Stocktaking

Like **дюжина**, the word **сотня** is a feminine noun. It is often used when estimating large quantities, especially around an **инвентаризация** (stocktaking or inventory check). Watch how **сотня** takes the Nominative case when it is the subject, but becomes **сотню** when it is the direct object.

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### Wholesale vs. Retail

Business purchasing distinguishes between **оптовый** (wholesale) and **розничный** (retail). You will often see these adjectives paired with nouns like **закупка** (purchase or procurement).

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### Checking the Remainders

After a bulk purchase or stocktaking, you must account for the **остаток** (remainder or balance). This is frequently used in the plural (**остатки**) to refer to remaining stock or leftover items.

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Notice how these concepts come together. The numerical noun takes the Accusative case, while the adjective and noun that follow it take the Genitive plural:

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Numerical nouns (десяток, сотня)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Genitive of negation (нет)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Absence (нет)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Question	Answer
ten / half a score	десяток
We still need to buy ten eggs.	Нам всё же нужно купить десяток яиц.
A group of ten boxes remained in the warehouse.	На складе остался десяток коробок.
dozen	дюжина
I ordered a dozen cups for the cafe.	Я заказал дюжину чашек для кафе.
to write off	списать
defective	бракованный
We need to write off a dozen defective phones.	Нам надо списать дюжину бракованных телефонов.
hundred	сотня
There are a hundred empty boxes in the warehouse.	На складе сотня пустых коробок.
stocktaking / inventory	инвентаризация
We bought a hundred new computers before the stocktaking.	Мы купили сотню новых компьютеров до инвентаризации.
wholesale	оптовый
We met with the wholesale supplier.	Мы встретились с оптовым поставщиком.
purchase / procurement	закупка
The wholesale purchase of goods will start tomorrow.	Оптовая закупка товаров начнётся завтра.
retail	розничный
Retail customers also want a discount.	Розничные покупатели тоже хотят скидку.
The retail price is significantly higher.	Розничная цена значительно выше.
remainder / balance	остаток
After the purchase, we will check the remainders.	После закупки мы проверим остатки.
They agreed with the manager about the remainders of the goods.	Они договорились с менеджером об остатках товара.
A dozen defective parts remained in the box.	В коробке осталась дюжина бракованных деталей.
The director decided to write off a hundred old computers.	Директор решил списать сотню старых компьютеров.
Stocktaking will end in a week.	Инвентаризация закончится через неделю.