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### Making Comparisons (-ее)

To say something is "faster," "weaker," or "smarter," use the comparative degree. For many adjectives, drop the dictionary ending (like **-ый**, **-ий**, or **-ой**) and add **-ее**.

This form is invariable—it never changes for gender, number, or case. To say "than" when comparing two things, use the word **чем**.

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*(Note: In spoken Russian, you will sometimes hear the shortened ending **-ей** instead of **-ее**. They mean exactly the same thing!)*

### Adding "Much" (гораздо, намного)

If you want to say something is *much* faster or *a lot* unhealthier, use the intensifiers **гораздо** or **намного** right before the comparative.

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### Comparative Adverbs and States

The **-ее** form isn't just for adjectives describing nouns. It also acts as a comparative adverb (describing how an action is done) or an impersonal state (describing the environment).

For example, just as **быстро** means "fast," **быстрее** means "faster" (adverb). Similarly, **тепло** means "it is warm," and **теплее** means "it is warmer."

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Comparative adjectives and adverbs (-ее, -ей)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Genitive of negation (нет)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Absence (нет)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Question	Answer
than / the (in comparisons)	чем
This computer is faster than that one.	Этот компьютер быстрее, чем тот.
much (with comparatives)	гораздо
It is much faster by metro.	На метро гораздо быстрее.
weak	слабый
Your tea is tasty, but it is weaker than my coffee.	Твой чай вкусный, но он слабее, чем мой кофе.
harmful, unhealthy	вредный
This food is unhealthy!	Эта еда вредная!
much, by far	намного
My diet is much unhealthier than yours.	Моя диета намного вреднее, чем твоя.
sharp, spicy	острый
the pepper	перец
This sauce is spicy, but red pepper is much spicier.	Этот соус острый, но красный перец намного острее.
You must not buy this spicy pepper!	Тебе нельзя покупать этот острый перец!
brave	смелый
My brother is braver, but I am much smarter.	Мой брат смелее, а я гораздо умнее.
There is nothing more unhealthy than this sweet cake.	Нет ничего вреднее, чем этот сладкий торт.
the grade, the mark	оценка
This grade is much more important, because this is an exam.	Эта оценка гораздо важнее, потому что это экзамен.
It is more beautiful in spring, because it is warmer.	Весной красивее, потому что теплее.
The internet works here, but the connection is much weaker.	Здесь интернет работает, но связь гораздо слабее.
My sister is braver than me, therefore she swims at night.	Моя сестра смелее, чем я, поэтому она плавает ночью.
stupid, silly	глупый
This joke is much stupider, but I am laughing.	Эта шутка гораздо глупее, но я смеюсь.
Which grade is more important?	Какая оценка важнее?
This movie is much stupider than that one.	Этот фильм намного глупее, чем тот.
similar, alike	похожий
The son looks like his brother.	Сын похож на брата.
These cities are very similar.	Эти города очень похожие.
identical, the same	одинаковый
We have identical bags.	У нас одинаковые сумки.
These books are the same.	Эти книги одинаковые.
middle, average	средний
This is the medium size.	Это средний размер.
The average temperature in winter is low.	Средняя температура зимой низкая.

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