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In Romanian, you can easily turn a past participle into an adjective describing a state of deprivation by adding the negative prefix *ne-* (e.g., *nemâncat* for "unfed", *nedormit* for "sleep-deprived").

### Subject Complements and Agreement

These negative participles are frequently used to describe the state someone is in while performing another action. When paired with verbs of state or motion—such as *a sta* (to stay), *a pleca* (to leave), or *a ajunge* (to arrive)—they function as subject complements.

Because they act as adjectives, **they must agree in gender and number** with the subject.

Notice how the participles match a masculine singular subject:

{{item:1162746}}

Now, see how the ending changes to *-ă* for a feminine singular subject:

{{item:1162748}}

And for a plural subject, the ending changes to match (e.g., *-i* for masculine plural):

{{item:1162754}}

### Cramming for Exams

When university students are overwhelmed, overworking leads to a variety of deprivative states. You will often see these negative participles used alongside regular adjectives like *suprasolicitat* (overworked) to paint a picture of exhaustion and panic.

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{{item:1162757}}

{{item:1162760}}

Negative past participles of state (ne- + participle)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
unfed	nemâncat
without drinking	nebăut
Since he had to study a lot, the boy stayed unfed and without drinking.	Cum a trebuit să studieze mult, băiatul a stat nemâncat și nebăut.
the note (written record, annotation)	notița
The student was reading the notes unfed and very tired.	Studenta citea notițele nemâncată și foarte obosită.
the exhaustion	epuizarea
overworked	suprasolicitat
to doze off	ațipi
Because of the exhaustion, the overworked student dozed off on the desk.	Din cauza epuizării, studentul suprasolicitat a ațipit pe birou.
sleep-deprived	nedormit
We were so sleep-deprived that we no longer felt the exhaustion.	Eram atât de nedormiți, încât nu mai simțeam epuizarea.
unprepared	nepregătit
the panic	panica
Since she went to the exam unprepared, her panic was huge.	Deoarece a mers la examen nepregătită, panica ei a fost mare.
I was hungry, but I continued to read unfed.	Mi-a fost foame, dar am continuat să citesc nemâncat.
unwashed	nespălat
I dozed off, so I left for the exam unwashed.	Am ațipit, așa că am plecat nespălată la examen.
Panic appears when you are overworked and sleep-deprived.	Panica apare când ești suprasolicitat și nedormit.
The overworked student lost his notes and left for the exam unfed and without drinking.	Studentul suprasolicitat și-a pierdut notițele și a plecat la examen nemâncat și nebăut.
Although I had read all night, I arrived unwashed at the faculty.	Deși citisem toată noaptea, am ajuns nespălată la facultate.
The student arrived at the exam sleep-deprived and completely unprepared.	Studentul a ajuns la examen nedormit și complet nepregătit.