| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| serves as a basis for comparison and controls for chance factors that might influence the results of the study—by holding such factors constant across groups so that the experimental manipulation is the only difference between groups | control group |
| variable that the researcher measures to see how much effect the independent variable had | dependent variable |
| experiment in which both the researchers and the participants are blind to group assignments | double-blind study |
| group designed to answer the research question; experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, so any differences between the two are due to experimental manipulation rather than chance | experimental group |
| researcher expectations skew the results of the study | experimenter bias |
| variable that is influenced or controlled by the experimenter; in a sound experimental study, the independent variable is the only important difference between the experimental and control group | independent variable |
| description of what actions and operations will be used to measure the dependent variables and manipulate the independent variables | operational definition |
| subjects of psychological research | participants |
| people's expectations or beliefs influencing or determining their experience in a given situation | placebo effect |
| method of experimental group assignment in which all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to either group | random assignment |
| subset of a larger population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected | random sample |
| repeating an experiment using different samples to determine the research’s reliability | replicate |
| experiment in which the researcher knows which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group | single-blind study |
| determines how likely any difference between experimental groups is due to chance | statistical analysis |
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