| In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves ________. | the inability of a psychological mechanism to perform its function the breakdown of social order in one’s community communication problems in one’s immediate family all of these |
| Patterns of inner experience and behavior are thought to reflect the presence of a psychological disorder if they ________. | lead to significant distress and impairment in one’s life are highly atypical embarrass one’s friends and/or family violate the norms of one’s culture |
| The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________. | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders |
| A study based on over 9,000 U. S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was ________. | major depressive disorder social anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder specific phobia |
| The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from ________. | vulnerability and adverse experiences biochemical factors chemical imbalances and structural abnormalities in the brain adverse childhood experiences |
| Dr. Anastasia believes that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. His view on the cause of major depressive disorder reflects a ________ perspective. | biological psychological supernatural diathesis-stress |
| In which of the following anxiety disorders is the person in a continuous state of excessive, pointless worry and apprehension? | generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder agoraphobia social anxiety disorder |
| Which of the following would constitute a safety behavior? | avoiding a field where snakes are likely to be present encountering a phobic stimulus in the company of other people avoiding eye contact worrying as a distraction from painful memories |
| Which of the following best illustrates a compulsion? | mentally counting backward from 1,000 persistent fear of germs thoughts of harming a neighbor falsely believing that a spouse has been cheating |
| Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD ________. | are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex are similar to the symptoms of panic disorder are triggered by low levels of stress hormones are reduced if people are asked to view photos of stimuli that trigger the symptoms |
| Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following except ________. | physical complaints that cannot be explained medically intrusive thoughts or memories of a traumatic event avoidance of things that remind one of a traumatic event jumpiness |
| Which of the following elevates the risk for developing PTSD? | severity of the trauma frequency of the trauma high levels of intelligence social support |
| Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the following except ________. | periods of extreme elation and euphoria difficulty concentrating and making decisions loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities psychomotor agitation and retardation |
| Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months. | higher; lower higher; higher lower; lower lower; higher |
| Clifford falsely believes that the police have planted secret cameras in his home to monitor his every movement. Clifford’s belief is an example of ________. | a delusion a hallucination tangentiality a negative symptom |
| A study of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia found that the adoptees were most likely to develop schizophrenia ________. | if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment if their childhood friends later developed schizophrenia if they abused drugs during adolescence regardless of whether they were raised in a healthy or disturbed home environment |
| Dissociative amnesia involves ________. | memory loss following stress memory loss following head trauma feeling detached from the self feeling detached from the world |
| Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________. | different personalities depersonalization derealization schizophrenia |
| Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of ADHD? | restricted and fixated interest short attention span difficulty concentrating and distractibility excessive fidgeting and squirming |
| One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is ________. | difficulty relating to others bed-wetting short attention span intense and inappropriate interest in others |
| People with borderline personality disorder often ________. | are impulsive and unpredictable try to be the center of attention are shy and withdrawn tend to accomplish goals through cruelty |
| Antisocial personality disorder is associated with ________. | emotional deficits memory deficits parental overprotection increased empathy |
