Reported speech with subjunctives

When reporting someone's orders, requests, or wishes from the past, Portuguese requires a specific tense shift in the dependent clause.

Backshifting the Subjunctive

When you express a wish, command, or request in the present (e.g., "I demand that we accept..."), the dependent verb takes the Present Subjunctive (Presente do Conjuntivo).

However, when you report this same event in the past (e.g., "He demanded that we accept..."), the main verb moves to the past tense. To keep the timeline consistent, the dependent verb must "backshift" into the Imperfect Subjunctive (Pretérito Imperfeito do Conjuntivo). You will easily recognize this tense by its characteristic -ss- endings (such as -sse, -ssem, or -ssemos).

Observe how past-tense orders and demands trigger the Imperfect Subjunctive in the reported clause:

The tyrant demanded that we accept the decree.
O tirano exigiu que aceitássemos o decreto.
The cruel captain ordered that they destroy the palace.
O capitão cruel ordenou que destruíssem o palácio.

Wishes, Requests, and Pleas

This backshifting rule applies to any past-tense verb that triggers the subjunctive due to will, influence, or emotion. Whether the historical figure was making a wish (querer), a request (pedir), a suggestion (sugerir), or a desperate plea (suplicar), the following clause must use the Imperfect Subjunctive.

The prisoner begged that the soldier not be cruel.
O prisioneiro suplicou que o soldado não fosse cruel.
The traitor suggested that the army set the city on fire.
O traidor sugeriu que o exército incendiasse a cidade.
The prisoner wanted the revolt to start at midnight.
O prisioneiro quis que a revolta começasse à meia-noite.
The hero demanded that the oppression end.
O herói exigiu que a opressão terminasse.