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Portuguese (Portugal)

### The Perfect Shot

When building a photography portfolio, you will take dozens of shots to get one perfect image. To describe these batches of photos and the editing process, you will often need to combine quantifiers with relative pronouns to say things like "many of which" or "some of which".

### "Of Which" (Dos quais / Das quais)

In Portuguese, "of which" is expressed using the preposition **de** combined with the plural relative pronouns **os quais** or **as quais**. This contraction creates **dos quais** (masculine) and **das quais** (feminine).

To specify a subset of a group you just mentioned, simply place a quantifier or a number right before it:
- **alguns dos quais** (some of which)
- **muitas das quais** (many of which)
- **três das quais** (three of which)

Both the quantifier and the relative pronoun must agree in gender with the original noun they refer back to.

### Feminine Subsets

When referring back to feminine nouns like *imagens* (images) or *fotografias* (photographs), use feminine quantifiers (*algumas*, *muitas*, *várias*, *duas*) followed by **das quais**.

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### Masculine Subsets

When referring back to masculine nouns like *ângulos* (angles) or *retratos* (portraits), use masculine quantifiers (*alguns*, *muitos*, *dois*) followed by **dos quais**.

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Quantifiers with relative pronouns (dos quais)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
to select	selecionar
the portfolio	o portefólio
photographic	fotográfico
I selected twenty images for the photographic portfolio, many of which I took yesterday.	Selecionei vinte imagens para o portefólio fotográfico, muitas das quais tirei ontem.
the angle	o ângulo
the framing	o enquadramento
blurred	desfocado
I was testing new angles, some of which left the framing blurred.	Estava a testar novos ângulos, alguns dos quais deixaram o enquadramento desfocado.
to edit	editar
the brightness	o brilho
the contrast	o contraste
I am editing the brightness and the contrast of the photographs, some of which are very dark.	Estou a editar o brilho e o contraste das fotografias, algumas das quais estão muito escuras.
the sharpness	a nitidez
We analyzed the sharpness of the photographs, three of which we did not select.	Analisámos a nitidez das fotografias, três das quais não selecionámos.
The photographic angles improve the sharpness of the images, several of which are beautiful.	Os ângulos fotográficos melhoram a nitidez das imagens, várias das quais são lindas.
When did you edit the framing and the contrast?	Quando editaste o enquadramento e o contraste?
The landscape is blurred and I see nothing of the brightness.	A paisagem está desfocada e não vejo nada do brilho.
I never select blurred photographs for the portfolio.	Nunca seleciono fotografias desfocadas para o portefólio.
I loved the angles of these portraits, many of which have great contrast and brightness.	Adorei os ângulos destes retratos, muitos dos quais têm ótimo contraste e brilho.
Are you going to edit the photographic framing of these landscapes, two of which are badly done?	Vais editar o enquadramento fotográfico destas paisagens, duas das quais estão mal feitas?
I did not select those five photographs, some of which have no sharpness.	Não selecionei aquelas cinco fotografias, algumas das quais não têm nitidez.