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Portuguese (Portugal)

When giving instructions to a friend or peer, use informal commands. To give an affirmative command to someone you address as **tu**, just use the present tense **ele/ela/você** form of the verb (or simply drop the final **-r** from the infinitive).

- For **-ar** verbs, the command ends in **-a** (e.g., *treinar* → *treina*).
- For **-er** and **-ir** verbs, the command ends in **-e** (e.g., *correr* → *corre*).

| Infinitive | *tu* Command |
| --- | --- |
| **respirar** (to breathe) | **respira** |
| **correr** (to run) | **corre** |
| **beber** (to drink) | **bebe** |

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### Commands with Pronouns

You can attach direct object pronouns (**-o**, **-a**, **-os**, **-as**) to the end of a command to replace a noun (like saying "pull them" instead of "pull the weights"). 

Because regular informal *tu* commands end in a vowel, no spelling changes are needed. Just attach the pronoun directly to the command with a hyphen.

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Informal commands (treina, bebe)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
to breathe	respirar
deeply	fundo
the workout	o treino
Breathe deeply and start the workout!	Respira fundo e começa o treino!
to train	treinar
the muscle	o músculo
Do you want to improve? Train the muscles on Tuesday!	Queres melhorar? Treina os músculos à terça-feira!
to pull	puxar
the weight	o peso
Pull the weight slowly!	Puxa o peso devagar!
to push	empurrar
Now, push the weights and finish the workout.	Agora, empurra os pesos e termina o treino.
Run faster and rest tomorrow!	Corre mais rápido e descansa amanhã!
the pace	o ritmo
Rest a minute and breathe at your pace.	Descansa um minuto e respira ao teu ritmo.
Train with us and breathe deeply.	Treina connosco e respira fundo.
to hold	segurar
Hold his arm and pull!	Segura o braço dele e puxa!
The box is heavy. Push it to the bedroom!	A caixa é pesada. Empurra-a para o quarto!
The weights are light. Pull them up!	Os pesos são leves. Puxa-os para cima!
Hold the water bottle and drink!	Segura a garrafa de água e bebe!
Your pace is fantastic, continue!	O teu ritmo é fantástico, continua!
The workout is difficult, but work out every day!	O treino é difícil, mas treina todos os dias!
Breathe deep and train the muscle!	Respira fundo e treina o músculo!