First and second-person object contractions (mo, to)

Just like we combined third-person pronouns in the last lesson to say "give it to him," we can also combine first and second-person pronouns with direct objects. When dealing with mail and deliveries, this lets us easily say "Give it to me," "I will send it to you," or "She delivered it to us."

To Me and To You

When the indirect objects me (to me) and te (to you) meet a direct object (o, a, os, or as), they merge into a single short word.

Indirect PronounDirect PronounContraction
meo/a/os/asmo, ma, mos, mas
teo/a/os/asto, ta, tos, tas

Just like with third-person pronouns, the final vowel of the contraction always matches the gender and number of the direct object (the thing being handled).

I need the envelope. Can you give it to me now?
Preciso do envelope. Podes dar-mo agora?
Did you read the label? Then can you explain it to me, please?
Leste a etiqueta? Então podes explicar-ma, por favor?
Do you want the envelope? I will give it to you.
Queres o envelope? Dou-to.

To Us

When the indirect object nos (to us) meets a direct object pronoun, the spelling changes slightly. The -s at the end of nos drops, the direct pronoun takes an -l-, and the two parts are connected with a hyphen.

Indirect PronounDirect PronounContraction
noso/a/os/asno-lo, no-la, no-los, no-las
The package arrived on Wednesday and she gave it to us.
O pacote chegou na quarta-feira e ela deu-no-lo.
We did not see the envelope. Can you show it to us?
Não vimos o envelope. Podes mostrar-no-lo?

Placement and Magnets

These contractions follow the standard pronoun placement rules. Usually, they attach directly to the end of the conjugated verb or infinitive with a hyphen.

However, "magnet" words—such as negative words (não) and question words (quando, onde)—pull the contraction to the front of the verb. The contraction sits as a separate word before the verb.

(Note: For "no-lo" contractions, the hyphen inside the word itself remains, even when it is pulled away from the verb!)

Where is the parcel? You did not give it to me!
Onde está a encomenda? Não ma deste!
When did the postman give it to you?
Quando é que o carteiro to deu?
We need the parcel, but he won't send it to us.
Precisamos da encomenda, mas ele não no-la envia.