Expressing Cause with "Por"
To explain the cause or reason for an action, you can use the preposition por followed by the Personal Infinitive (Infinitivo Pessoal). In English, this often translates to "for doing [something]" or "because of doing [something]".
Add these endings directly to the infinitive to show who is performing the action:
| Subject | Ending | Example (vencer) |
|---|---|---|
| eu / ele / ela / você | (none) | vencer |
| tu | -es | venceres |
| nós | -mos | vencermos |
| eles / elas / vocês | -em | vencerem |
When the subject of the infinitive is singular (ele, ela, você), the verb simply uses the base infinitive form with no extra ending:
| The jury surprises by nominating the student in that category. | O júri surpreende por nomear a aluna naquela categoria. |
When referring to a plural subject like os atores (they) or as atrizes, add the -em ending to the infinitive:
| The jury nominates the actors for having a fantastic performance. | O júri nomeia os atores por terem um desempenho fantástico. |
| Upon walking on the red carpet, the actresses surprise by wearing ugly dresses. | Ao caminharem na passadeira vermelha, as atrizes surpreendem por usarem vestidos feios. |
For tu (you, informal) and nós (we), use the -es and -mos endings respectively:
| You stand out for having a performance with a lot of merit. | Tu destacas-te por teres um desempenho com muito mérito. |
| When we dedicate the prize to our parents, we get emotional from feeling so much love. | Quando dedicamos o prémio aos nossos pais, emocionamo-nos por sentirmos tanto amor. |
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