Breakdown of Musisz przestrzegać zasad, które ustalił właściciel.
musieć
to have to
który
which, who (relative)
właściciel
owner
ustalić
to arrange
przestrzegać
to follow / to obey
zasada
rule
Questions & Answers about Musisz przestrzegać zasad, które ustalił właściciel.
Why is the word for "rules" in the form zasad rather than zasady?
The verb przestrzegać (to follow or to obey) is one of the Polish verbs that always requires its object to be in the Genitive case. Zasad is the Genitive plural of the feminine noun zasada (rule).
Why is the relative pronoun które used here instead of których to match zasad?
The case of a relative pronoun depends on its role in its own part of the sentence. While zasad is Genitive because of przestrzegać, które is the direct object of the verb ustalił in the second clause. The verb ustalić takes the Accusative case, and the Accusative plural for non-masculine nouns is które.
Why is the word order ustalił właściciel (established the owner) instead of właściciel ustalił?
Polish word order is very flexible. In relative clauses, it is extremely common to put the verb before the subject. This sounds natural to Polish ears and places the important new information (właściciel) at the very end of the sentence for emphasis.
Why does the sentence use the imperfective verb przestrzegać but the perfective verb ustalił?
You use the imperfective przestrzegać because following the rules is an ongoing, continuous requirement. You use the perfective ustalił because the owner setting the rules was a single, completed action in the past.
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