Question 1

Why is chamstwo in the nominative case after co za? Does co za always take the nominative?

Accepted Answer

Yes, the exclamatory phrase co za (meaning "what a...") is followed by a noun in the nominative case, regardless of the noun's gender. It simply points out or identifies the thing you are exclaiming about, so it doesn't force a different case.

Question 2

Why use the construction słyszy się instead of just saying ludzie słyszą (people hear)?

Accepted Answer

The impersonal construction with się (a 3rd person singular verb + się) is the most natural way in Polish to express "one hears," "you hear," or "are heard" in a general sense. While ludzie słyszą is grammatically correct, słyszy się is much more idiomatic for everyday, general observations.

Question 3

Is Takie rzeczy in the nominative or accusative case in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

It is in the accusative case, acting as the direct object of the verb słyszy. Because rzeczy is a non-masculine-personal (non-virile) plural noun, its accusative form looks exactly the same as its nominative form.

Question 4

What is the root of the word chamstwo?

Accepted Answer

It comes from the noun cham, which refers to a boor, an incredibly rude or uncultured person. Adding the suffix -stwo is a common way to turn a noun into an abstract concept, creating the meaning of "boorishness" or "extreme rudeness" here.

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