Comparative Adverbs
To say an action is performed "faster" or "more slowly," use the comparative form of the adverb. Regular comparative adverbs are formed by replacing the basic -o or -e ending with -ej or -iej.
This often softens or changes the preceding consonant:
- wolno (slowly) → wolniej
- szybko (fast) → szybciej
- cicho (quietly) → ciszej (ch changes to sz)
| His heart is beating faster now. | Jego serce bije teraz szybciej. |
| This old machine is running slower today. | Ta stara maszyna działa dzisiaj wolniej. |
| The new machine runs more quietly. | Nowa maszyna działa ciszej. |
Comparing Time
Time-related adverbs follow the same pattern. For example, wcześnie (early) becomes wcześniej, and późno (late) becomes później.
| I like that you get up earlier. | Podoba mi się, że wstajesz wcześniej. |
| He falls asleep later, and she falls asleep earlier. | On zasypia później, a ona zasypia wcześniej. |
Emphasizing Comparisons
Add words like znacznie (significantly, much) before the comparative adverb to make the comparison stronger.
| The patient is breathing much more slowly now. | Pacjent oddycha teraz znacznie wolniej. |
Giving Advice and Instructions
Comparative adverbs are commonly used with verbs like musieć (must) or proszę (please) to tell someone how to adjust their actions.
| Please speak more quietly, the child is sleeping. | Proszę mówić ciszej, dziecko śpi. |
| You must run slower. | Musisz biegać wolniej. |
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