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### Sourcing Goods: Using "od"

When discussing supply chains—buying, acquiring, or receiving goods from a person or a company—Polish uses the preposition **od** (from).

The preposition **od** always requires the noun or noun phrase that follows it to be in the **Genitive** case. You will frequently use it with verbs like **pochodzić** (to originate), **nabyć** (to acquire), **kupować** (to buy), and **dostać** (to get).

When sourcing from business roles (like a manufacturer, supplier, or distributor), most masculine nouns take the **-a** ending in the Genitive, while those ending in *-a* (like *dostawca*) take **-y**. Modifying adjectives take the **-ego** ending.

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When sourcing from feminine entities, such as a wholesale store (*hurtownia*), the noun takes the **-i** or **-y** ending in the Genitive case, and feminine adjectives take **-ej**.

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### "Od" vs. "Z"

You will also see the preposition **z** used to mean "from." Both prepositions require the Genitive case, but they are used in different contexts:
- Use **od** when sourcing from a person, a role, or a company viewed as a business entity.
- Use **z** when the source is a physical location, a building you take things out of, or a geographic region (like a city or country).

For example, a wholesale store (*hurtownia*) can take **z** when you are talking about pulling meat out of the physical building, whereas a country will always take **z**.

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Receiving and sourcing (od)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
raw material	surowiec
to originate	pochodzić
manufacturer	producent
This raw material comes from a local manufacturer.	Ten surowiec pochodzi od lokalnego producenta.
No manufacturer has these goods right now.	Żaden producent nie ma teraz tego towaru.
to acquire	nabyć
supplier	dostawca
We have to acquire something from a new supplier.	Musimy nabyć coś od nowego dostawcy.
sample	próbka
When will we get some samples from this supplier?	Kiedy dostaniemy jakieś próbki od tego dostawcy?
wholesale store	hurtownia
In a week we will buy goods from a large wholesale store.	Za tydzień kupimy towar od dużej hurtowni.
In a month we will be buying from this wholesale store.	Za miesiąc będziemy kupowali od tej hurtowni.
intermediary	pośrednik
I don't want to acquire this from an intermediary.	Nie chcę nabyć tego od pośrednika.
This intermediary always buys from the manufacturer.	Ten pośrednik zawsze kupuje od producenta.
distributor	dystrybutor
The boss got two samples from our distributor.	Szef dostał dwie próbki od naszego dystrybutora.
to import	importować
They will be importing the raw material from this distributor.	Oni będą importowali surowiec od tego dystrybutora.
Every raw material comes from a different supplier.	Każdy surowiec pochodzi od innego dostawcy.
Does this meat come from a local wholesale store?	Czy to mięso pochodzi z lokalnej hurtowni?
No distributor wants to sell this to us.	Żaden dystrybutor nie chce nam tego sprzedać.
You can acquire these goods straight from the manufacturer.	Możesz nabyć ten towar prosto od producenta.
We are looking for a new intermediary abroad.	Szukamy nowego pośrednika za granicą.
Do they want to import sugar from Poland?	Czy oni chcą importować cukier z Polski?