Motion beyond limits
We use poza with the instrumental case to describe a static location (being outside a boundary). However, when describing movement to a destination beyond a limit, poza takes the accusative case.
For neuter nouns like królestwo (kingdom) and masculine inanimate nouns like mur (wall), the accusative form is identical to the nominative.
| The knight set out beyond the kingdom. | Rycerz wyruszył poza królestwo. |
| The dragon flew beyond the high wall. | Smok poleciał poza wysoki mur. |
| My knight threw the shield and the sword beyond the wall. | Mój rycerz rzucił tarczę i miecz poza mur. |
For feminine nouns ending in -a, such as jaskinia (cave), change the final -a to -ę.
| The wizard went beyond the cave. | Czarodziej poszedł poza jaskinię. |
Plural boundaries
This rule also applies to plural limits, like mountains (góry). For non-masculine-personal nouns, the accusative plural is identical to the nominative plural.
| When did the wizard set out beyond the mountains? | Kiedy czarodziej wyruszył poza góry? |
Whether you are taking a dragon outside the realm or venturing beyond a border to find magic, motion across a boundary always requires poza with the accusative case.
| They took the dragon beyond the kingdom. | Zabrali smoka poza królestwo. |
| The knight set out beyond the kingdom to find magic. | Rycerz wyruszył poza królestwo, aby znaleźć magię. |
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