Masculine personal numbers 2 to 4 (dwóch, trzech, czterech)

Counting Men: Numbers 2 to 4

When counting small groups of men (or mixed groups of men and women), Polish uses special "masculine personal" forms for numbers 2, 3, and 4: dwóch (two), trzech (three), and czterech (four).

Unlike normal numbers 2 to 4, these special forms act just like the number 5: they force the noun that follows into the Genitive plural.

Additionally, just like with numbers 5 and above, when one of these phrases is the subject of a sentence, the verb takes a singular form (e.g., gotuje instead of gotują).

Two cooks are cooking dinner.
Dwóch kucharzy gotuje obiad.
Three mechanics are repairing my car.
Trzech mechaników naprawia mój samochód.
Four foreigners live on this street.
Czterech obcokrajowców mieszka na tej ulicy.

Asking "How Many?"

To ask "how many?" about masculine personal nouns, use the special question word ilu. Just like the numbers above, ilu requires the following noun to be in the Genitive plural and takes a singular verb if it is the subject.

How many lawyers do not drink coffee?
Ilu prawników nie pije kawy?
How many foreigners speak Polish?
Ilu obcokrajowców mówi po polsku?

Subjects and Objects

Because the Accusative case is identical to the Genitive case for masculine personal nouns, these phrases (dwóch, trzech, czterech, and ilu) look exactly the same whether they are performing the action as the subject, or receiving the action as a direct object.

This restaurant employs four cooks.
Ta restauracja zatrudnia czterech kucharzy.
We have three new interns.
Mamy trzech nowych stażystów.
How many sons do you have?
Ilu masz synów?