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### Places of Business and Rooms: The "-nia" Suffix

Polish frequently creates nouns for specific places—known grammatically as *nomina loci*—by adding suffixes to existing words. The feminine suffix **-nia** (and its variant **-alnia**) is extremely common for naming shops, parlors, and designated rooms.

This suffix can attach to nouns (like **cukier** for sugar, forming **cukiernia**) or verbs (like **przymierzać** for to try on, forming **przymierzalnia**).

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Because they end in **-a**, these location nouns behave like standard feminine nouns. Notice how they end in **-i** or **-ni** when shifted into the Genitive or Locative cases.

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### Open Spaces and Grounds: The "-isko" Suffix

To denote open areas, fields, or larger public facilities, Polish typically uses the neuter suffix **-isko** (or its variant **-owisko**). 

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As standard neuter nouns ending in **-ko**, these words take the ending **-u** in the Locative case (for example, **na boisku** or **w uzdrowisku**). 

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Forming location nouns (-nia, -isko)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
the patisserie	cukiernia
This patisserie is located between the school and the park.	Ta cukiernia znajduje się między szkołą a parkiem.
You must buy a cake in this patisserie.	Musisz kupić ciasto w tej cukierni.
the ice cream parlor	lodziarnia
The children want to go to the ice cream parlor.	Dzieci chcą iść do lodziarni.
But this ice cream parlor is very expensive.	Przecież ta lodziarnia jest bardzo droga.
the cloakroom	szatnia
Leave your coat in the cloakroom during the performance.	Zostaw płaszcz w szatni podczas spektaklu.
Our cloakroom is downstairs.	Nasza szatnia jest na dole.
the fitting room	przymierzalnia
Is the fitting room occupied now?	Czy przymierzalnia jest teraz zajęta?
During the sale, a crowd stands in front of the fitting room.	W trakcie wyprzedaży przed przymierzalnią stoi tłum.
the smoking room	palarnia
The smoking room is outside.	Palarnia jest na zewnątrz.
You can smoke only in the smoking room.	Możesz palić tylko w palarni.
the sports field	boisko
The boys always meet on the sports field.	Chłopcy zawsze spotykają się na boisku.
But they closed this sports field yesterday.	Przecież wczoraj zamknęli to boisko.
the ice rink	lodowisko
In winter we gladly go to the ice rink.	Zimą chętnie chodzimy na lodowisko.
We can build an ice rink in the garden.	Możemy zbudować lodowisko w ogrodzie.
the health resort	uzdrowisko
My grandfather is going to a health resort by the sea.	Mój dziadek jedzie do uzdrowiska nad morzem.
One can rest well in this health resort.	W tym uzdrowisku można dobrze odpocząć.
the marketplace	targowisko
People buy fresh fruit at the marketplace.	Ludzie kupują świeże owoce na targowisku.
Walking through the marketplace, I lost my wallet.	Idąc przez targowisko, zgubiłem portfel.
the rubbish dump	śmietnisko
Instead of sorting the rubbish, they throw it out to the dump.	Zamiast segregować śmieci, wyrzucają je na śmietnisko.
This place looks like a rubbish dump!	To miejsce wygląda jak śmietnisko!