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### Knitting Handicrafts

Before we get tangled up in grammar, let's introduce some vocabulary for a relaxing hobby: knitting. To say you are knitting, you can use the verb **dziergać**, often done on knitting needles (**na drutach**) using yarn (**włóczka**).

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### The Preposition "mimo" with Pronouns

The preposition **mimo** (or its longer form **pomimo**) means "despite." Usually, this preposition requires the following noun to be in the Genitive case.

However, there is a very common exception. When **mimo** is followed by the pronouns **to** (this/it) or **wszystko** (everything), they take the **Accusative (Biernik)** case instead.

This creates two fixed, everyday phrases that function similarly to "nevertheless" or "regardless":
- **mimo to** (despite this)
- **mimo wszystko** (despite everything)

### Despite This (mimo to)

Knitting a complex sweater often involves mistakes, like losing a stitch (**zgubić oczko**) or ending up with uneven work (**nierówny**). You might be tempted to unravel it (**pruć**), but sometimes you just keep going.

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### Despite Everything (mimo wszystko)

When things go completely wrong—for instance, when a whole skein (**motek**) gets tangled (**zaplątać się**) or you make a knot (**supeł**)—you can use **mimo wszystko** to express pushing through the struggle.

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Even with numerous mistakes, completing a handicraft is a reason to be proud!

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Despite this (mimo to / mimo wszystko)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
to knit	dziergać
handicraft	rękodzieło
Are you really knitting this handicraft yourself?	Czyżbyś sam dziergał to rękodzieło?
knitting needle	drut
yarn (for knitting)	włóczka
I like knitting on needles with this yarn.	Lubię dziergać na drutach z tej włóczki.
uneven	nierówny
to unravel (fabric, clothing)	pruć
The sweater is uneven, but despite this I am not unraveling it.	Sweter jest nierówny, ale mimo to go nie pruję.
stitch	oczko
Do not lose a stitch and do not unravel this sweater!	Nie zgub oczka i nie pruj tego swetra!
skein	motek
to get tangled	zaplątać się
The whole skein of yarn got tangled for me.	Cały motek włóczki mi się zaplątał.
knot	supeł
I made a knot, but despite everything I keep knitting.	Zrobiłem supeł, ale mimo wszystko dziergam dalej.
I lost a stitch, but despite this I am proud of the sweater.	Zgubiłam oczko, ale mimo to jestem dumna ze swetra.
I used three skeins, despite this the sweater is uneven.	Wykorzystałam trzy motki, mimo to sweter jest nierówny.
I see a knot, but despite everything I am not unraveling the sweater.	Widzę supeł, ale mimo wszystko nie pruję swetra.
The yarn got tangled, but despite this I finished this handicraft.	Włóczka się zaplątała, ale mimo to skończyłam to rękodzieło.
I made a lot of mistakes on the needles, but despite this I finished this complicated sweater and I am proud.	Robiłam dużo błędów na drutach, ale mimo to skończyłam ten skomplikowany sweter i jestem dumna.

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