Korean - Vocabulary

Question	Answer
I have a radio.	(저는) 라디오가 있어요. (Jeo-neun) radio-ga isseoyo.
I have a newspaper.	(저는) 신문이 있어요. (Jeo-neun) shinmun-i isseoyo.
and (in order to connect two sentences)	-고 There are various 'and's' for various purposes. So this one is not meant for 'salt and pepper' but for connecting entire sentences 'I want salt and I want also pepper.'
object particle after vowel	-를
object particle after a consonant	-을
shop, store	가게 ka-ge
I go to the shop.	가게에 가요. Kage-e kayo.
I go to the shop.	가게에 가요. Kage-e kayo.
I am at the shop.	가게에 있어요. Kage-e isseoyo.
I am at the shop.	가게에 있어요. Kage-e isseoyo.
I buy tea at the shop.	가게에서 차을 사요. Kage-e-seo cha-eul sayo.
to go	가다 kada
bag	가방 kabang
inside the bag	가방 안에
Where is the bag?	가방은 어디에 있어요?
The bag is under the table.	가방이 탁자 밑에 있어요.
potato	감자 kamja
Do you eat potatoes or rice?	감자를 또는 밥을 먹어요? kamjareul ttoneun pabeul meogeoyo?
I don't eat potatoes at all.	감자를 전혀 안 먹어요. Kamjareul jeonhyeo an meogeoyo.
suddenly	갑자기
Suddenly there comes a fox.	갑자기 여우가 와요.
dog	개
The dog guards the house.	개가 집을 지킨어요.
The dog can't play.	개는 못 놀아요.
The dog is in front of the house.	개는 집 앞에 있어요.
The dog barks.	개는 짖어요.
The cat dreams of a mouse	거양이가 쥐를 꿈꿔요. 꿈꾸어요 kkumkku-eo-yo is also a possible form but 꿈꿔요 kkumku-weo-yo seems so much more palatable...
Meat	고기 kogi
I eat a lot of meat	고기를 많이 먹어요. Kogireul manhi meogeoyo.
The cat is in the bag.	고양기가 가방 안에 있어요.
The cat sleeps.	고양이가 자여.
The cat has a dream.	고양이는 꿈이 있어요.
The cat is inside a basket.	고양이는 바구니 안에 있어요.
Where is the cat?	고양이는 어디에 있어요?
The cat is inside the house.	고양이는 집 안에 있어요.
ball	공 kong
studies	공부 kongbu
I don't study at all.	공부를 전혀 안 해요. Kongbureul jeonhyeo an haeyo.
to study	공부하다 kongbuhada
I go to the park.	공원에 가요. Kongwon-e kayo.
I am at the park.	공원에 있어요. Kongwon-e isseoyo.
I exercise at the park.	공원에서 운동해요. Kongwon-e-seo undong-haeyo.
airport	공항 kong-hang
noodles	국수 kug-su
Nationality	국적
theater / movie theater	극장 keukjang
I go to the theater. (movie theater)	극장에 가요. Keukjang-e kayo.
I am at the theater. ( movie theater)	극장에 있어요. Keukjang-e isseoyo.
I watch a movie at the (movie) theater.	극장에서 영화를 봐요. Keukjang-e-seo yeonghwa-reul pwayo.
train ^ㄱ	기차 ki-cha
train station, railway station	기차역 ki-cha-yeok
kimchi	김치 kim-chi
Is kimchi delicious?	김치 맛있어요? kimchi mashisseoyo ?
I love Kimchi!	김치를 사랑해요! This is more a literal translation of an English sentence, which somehow managed to sneak into Korean. However the more natural way to say this would be: Kimchi-reul joh-a-haeyo. ( I like Kimchi.)
flower	꽃
There is a butterfly on the flower.	꽃 위에 나비가 있어요.
a dream	꿈
to dream of	꿈꾸다
I ^informal	나
country; land	나라
country	나라
tree; wood (material)	나무
tree	나무
There is a bird in the tree.	나무에 새가 있어요.
butterfly	나비
Do butterflies eat sugar?	나비는 설탕을 먹어요? nabineun seoltangeul meogeoyo?
age	나이
uproar /fuss/ disaster/chaos	난리 Note that the combination of n-r/l is pronounced as 'll'
All hell breaks lose / there is a big fuss / everyone goes crazy	난리가 나요.
to get off; to disembark; to dismount	내리다
yes	네
yes	네
Yes, that is right.	네 맞아요. Ne majayo. Learn this line. You will hear it a lot.
Yes, that is right. I am home.	네 맞아요. 집에 있어요. Ne majayo. Jibe isseoyo.
Yes, it is really delicious.	네, 정말 맛있어요. ne, jeongmal mashisseoyo.
song	노래
I can't sing.	노래를 못해요. Noraereul mot-haeyo.
to play	놀다
the farmer	농부
The farmer comes with a stick in his hand.	농부가 손에 막대를 들고 와요. lit. The farmer holds a stick in his hand and comes.
The farmer holds a stick in his hand.	농부가 손에 막대를 들어요.
the farm	농장
who	누구
Who is Australian?	누구 호주 사람이에요?
(Topic marking particle after vowels)	는
to attend ^{e.g. school / work}	다니다
leg	다리
bridge	다리
iron ^{for pressing clothes}	다리미
the chickens	닭들
The chickens panic.	닭들이 당황해요.
The chickens eat worms.	닭은 벌레를 먹어요.
to panic	당황하다
I don't go on a date.	데이트를 안 해요.
Germany	독일
pig	돼지
The pig is inside the mud.	돼지가 진흙 속에 있어요.
The pig plays.	돼지는 놀아요. irregular verb
The pig is also next to the horse, but it is inside the mud.	돼지도 말 옆에 있어요 하지만 진흙 속에 있어요. There certainly is a more elegant way to describe the situation, but I am trying to keep it simple for now.
The pig is also next to the horse.	돼지도 말 옆에 있어요.
behind	뒤에
to listen	듣다 teutta
plural marker	들
he holds and...	들고 -고 (and) links two verbs or entire sentences together
to hold	들다
I listen	들어요 teureoyo
or	또는
radio	라디오
radio	라디오
There is a radio.	라디오는 있어요. radio-neun isseoyo
It is a radio.	라디오예요. radio-yeyo
Russia	러시아
Where is Russia?	러시아는 어디에 있어요?
to drink	마시다 ma-shi-da
a stick	막대
a lot of	많이
horse	말
There is also a horse.	말도 있어요. 도 do. after a noun = also the noun 개도 = also the dog 2x or more 도 = Noun 1 as well as Noun 2 and noun 3... 고양이도 개도 말도 = the cat as well as the dog and the horse
The horse is behind the house.	말은 집 뒤에 있어요.
not tasty / taste bad	맛없어요 mat-eobseoyo
to be delicious	맛있다 masshita - (s at end of word /last syllable becomes 't'; this is also the case before the infinitive ending '-da' where -s-da turns into 'ta')
to tie; to knot	매다
beer	맥주 maegju
head; hair	머리
I often do my hair.	머리를 자주 해요.
to eat	먹다
can't	못 못 mot is directly attached (prefixed) when used with 하다 however it remains detached from other verbs.
I can't come.	못 와요. Mot wayo. ('s' at syllable end is pronounced 't')
radish	무
water	물
what	뭐 mweo
America	미국
America	미국 영국 중국 태국 한국
an American	미국 사람
Where are you, Minji?	민지 씨 어디에 있어요? Minji Shi eodi-e isseoyo? In spoken language the 'ga' (subject marker) is often dropped. This sentence is clearly a spoken sentence...
Where is Minji ?	민지 씨가 어디에 있어요? Minji Shi-ga eodi-e isseoyo?
under (m)	밑에
bar	바
basket	바구니
banana	바나나
I often eat bananas.	바나나를 자주 먹어요. Pananareul jaju meogeoyo.
sea	바다
rice	밥 pap
Rice or noodles?	밥 또는 국수? pap ttoneun kuksu ?
Let's fix a meal!	밥해요! Paphaeyo! Could also translate to: Let's cook rice!
room	방
Where is the room?	방은 어디에 있어요?
The room is in the house.	방이 집에 있어요.
ship	배
pear	배
belly, tummy	배
worm / bug	벌레
Worms are not tasty.	벌레는 맛없어요. Peolle-neun mat-eobseoyo.
Worms don't eat pizza. (Worms can't eat pizza.)	벌레는 피자를 못 먹어요. Peolle-neun pija-reul mot meogeoyo. I might be wrong with that statement :D
to look at, to behold	보다
married couple	부부
soap	비누
pibimbap	비빔밥 pibimbap
to buy	사다
person	사람
I love you!	사랑해요 It is probably not the term you might use towards your girlfriend. You might rather say saranghae without yo. But this might be an insult to a person you are not close enough... So be careful. As for the pronouns (I /you) you don't need them in Korean, so since we didn't see them yet, me too, I will drop them.
I buy	사요
box	상자
bird	새
bird	새
The bird is singing.	새가 노래해요.
The bird eats the worm. I can't eat worms.	새가 벌레를 먹어요. 저는 벌레를 못 먹어요. Sae-ga peolle-reul meogeoyo. Jeo-neun peolle-reul mot meogeoyo.
The bird sees the worm, but doesn't eat it.	새가 벌레를 봐요 하지만 안 먹어요. Sae-ga peolle-reul pwayo hajiman an meogeoyo.
The bird sees the worm. The worm can't see the bird.	새가 벌레를 봐요. 벌레는 새를 못 봐요. Sae-ga peolle-reul pwayo. Peolle-neun sae-reul mot pwayo. Sae-ga I used the Subject marker here. It is a simple statement. The bird sees the worm. I might have equally used the topic marker 'Sae-neun' but I am not obliged. However for the second sentence about the worm, I am changing topics. We are no longer speaking of what birds see. I need to mark the worm as my new topic! peolle-neun.
Birds don't drink tea.	새는 차를 못 마셔요. Sae-neun cha-reul mot mash(y)eoyo. Why 'mot' ? Wouldn't that translate to 'Birds CAN'T drink tea ? Indeed, it would. But that is actually the hidden meaning of the statement. I don't want to say that there was beer and tea and for some reasons the birdies preferred the beer and neglected my Earl Grey... In Korean it feels better to use 'mot' here. Let's give you another example of a mistake English speakers are bound to do. If someone said something and you didn't hear it well... If you say: 'Sorry, I DIDN'T hear you' (in Korean of course) - it would sound very impolite. It would give the impression you never wanted to listen anyway. Whereas 'I COULDN'T hear you.' would convey the message, that there was so much noise or the speaker's voice was too soft... but you really wanted to hear the message. Anyway I'll teach you that sentence later in Korean. As for now just listen well :D
I see a bird.	새를 봐요. Sae-reul pwayo.
I often take showers.	샤워를 자주 해요. shaworeul jaju haeyo.
Where is Seoul?	서울은 어디에 있어요?
Seoul is in Korea.	서울이 한국에 있어요.
sugar	설탕
Sugar or salt?	설탕 또는 소금?
cow	소
salt	소금
The cow is next to the horse.	소는 말 옆에 있어요.
The cow eats grass.	소는 풀을 먹어요.
inside	속에 inside a mass/soup/mixture or inside something abstract like a dream : 속레 - soge
hand	손
I often go shopping.	쇼핑을 자주 해요. shopping-eul jaju haeyo.
swimming	수영
I often swim.	수영을 자주 해요.
swimming pool	수영장
I go to the swimming pool.	수영장에 가요. Suyeongjang-e kayo.
I am at the swimming pool.	수영장에 있어요. Suyeongjang-e isseoyo.
We often go to the swimming pool.	수영장에 자주 가요. Suyeong-jang-e jaju kayo.
I swim at the swimming pool.	수영장에서 수영을 해요. Suyeongjang-e-seo suyeong-eul haeyo.
I swim.	수영해요
Sujin is eating potatoes. I eat rice.	수진 씨는 감자를 먹어요. 저는 밥을 먹어요. Sujin shi-neun kamja-reul meogeoyo. Jeo-neun pab-eul meogeoyo.
How about you, Sujin?	수진 씨는요? Sujin shineun-yo?
Spain	스페인
market; marketplace	시장 shi-jang
restaurant	식당 shik-tang
newspaper	신문 Remember si is pronounce 'she' shin-mun
There is a newspaper.	신문은 있어요. Shinmun-eun isseoyo.
It is a newspaper.	신문이에요. shinmun-i-e-yo
wife	아내
to be not	아니다
no	아니요
No. It is in the box.	아니요 상자에 있어요. Aniyo. Sangja-e isseoyo.
Arabic	아랍어
under (a)	아래
child	아이
don't /not	안 안an stands directly before the verb it negates.
They don't go.	안 가요. An kayo.
You don't eat.	안 먹어요.
I don't come.	안 와요.
inside	안에
in front of	앞에
which	어느
Which country	어느 나라
Which country is Egypt?	어느 나라 이집트예요?
where	어디
Where are you? Where is it?	어디에 있어요? Eodi-e isseoyo?
to ... (preposition)	에 preposition
you (all) / everyone	여러분
(as for/concerning) you (all) / everybody	여러분은 yeoreobu-neun
What do you guys eat?	여러분은 무엇을 먹어요? Yeoreobun-eun mueos-eul meogeoyo?
fox	여우
The fox escapes with a chicken in his mouth.	여우가 닭을 입에 들고 탈출어요. lit. The fox holds a chicken in his mouth and escapes.
The fox holds a chicken in his mouth.	여우가 닭을 입에 들어요.
The fox escapes.	여우가 탈출해요.
The fox wants to eat a chicken.	여우는 닭을 먹고 싶어요.
station	역
England	영국
Englishman	영국 사람
movie	영화
I watch a movie.	영화를 봐요. Yeonghwa-reul pwayo.
next to	옆에
five	오
Ooh here is the cat.	오 여기 고양이가 있어요.
to come	오다
cucumber	오이 o-i
we	우리
when it comes to us/ as for us / we	우리는
(As for us) we drink beer.	우리는 맥주를 마셔요. Urineun maegjureul masyeoyo.
raincoat	우비
milk	우유
exercise (sport)	운동
to exercise / to work out (sport)	운동하다
I exercise / I work out	운동해요
on top of	위에
Are you home Yujin ? (female name)	유진 씨, 집에 있어요? Yujin Shi jib-e isseoyo?
topic particle (after a consonant)	은
Topic marking particle (after consonants)	은
bank	은행
food	음식 eum-shik
I see a lot of food.	음식을 많이 봐요. Eumshig-eul manhi pwayo.
this	이
This meat is delicious.	이 고기 맛있어요. i kogi mashisseoyo.
this (thing)	이것
to be	이다
Egyptians speak Arabic.	이집트 사람은 아랍어 말해요.
Italy is a country too.	이탈리아도 나라예요.
Japan	일본
mouth	입
there is	있어요 isseoyo
to sleep	자다
often	자주
Enjoy your meal ! Bon appetit! (Lit. I will eat well.)	잘 먹겠습니다 speak: Jal meogesseumnida, the combination ㅂ+ ㄴ (b+n) is pronounced as: mn.
place; (used as suffix)	장
I	저
as for me / as far as I am concerned / I	저는
(As for me) I am eating Kimbap.	저는 김밥을 먹어요. Jeoneun kimbabeul meogeoyo.
As for me bugs are not tasty.	저는 벌레가 맛없어요. Jeoneun peolle-ga mat-eobseoyo.
I see a bird. Junseo can't see the bird.	저는 새를 봐요. 준서 씨는 새를 못봐요. Jeo-neun sae-reul pwayo. Junseo shi-neun sae-reul mot-pwayo.
not at all	전혀 안
really	정말
China	중국
China	중국 태국 한국 미국 영국
a Chinese	중국 사람
mouse	쥐
The mouse is in the dream.	쥐가 꿈 속에 있어요.
now	지금
right now	지금 바로 jigeum paro
Right now I am at the shop.	지금 바로 가게에 있어요. Jigeum paro kage-e isseoyo.
Where are you now?	지금 어디에 있어요? Jigeum eodi-e isseoyo?
map	지도
The map is on the desk.	지도기 책상 위에 있어요.
Where is the map?	지도는 어디에 있어요?
to guard	지킨다
mud	진흙
inside the mud	진흙 소게
house; home	집
inside the house	집 안에
There are also chickens in front of the house.	집 앞에도 닭이 있어요.
I go home.	집에 가요. Jib-e kayo.
I am home.	집에 있어요. Jib-e isseoyo.
At home I listen to the radio.	집에서 라디오를 들어요. Jib-e-seo radio-reul teureoyo.
Where is the house?	집은 어디에 있어요?
The house is in Seoul.	집이 서울에 있어요.
to bark	짖다
I don't drink tea at all.	차를 전혀 안 마셔요. Chareul jeonhyeo an mash(y)eoyo.
book	책
book	책
Where is the desk?	책상 어디에 있어요?
The desk is at school.	책상은 학교에 있어요?
Is the book in the bag ?	책이 가방에 있어요? Chaeg-i kabang-e isseoyo?
Where is the book?	책이 어디에 있어요?
The book is on the table.	책이 탁차 위에 있어요.
I eat cheese and I drink milk.	치즈를 먹어고 우유를 마셔요. Did you notice, the first verb lost its 'yo' and the 'yo' of the second verb counts for both verbs.
table	탁자
under (m) the table	탁자 밑에
under the table	탁자 아래
on top of the table	탁자 위에
The table is in the room.	탁자가 방에 있어요. 방 안에 would be correct too, but that is more precision than actually needed. 'Inside the room' vs 'in the room'. So if I had to insist that the table is inside and not outside I would use 'pang an-e'
Where is the table?	탁자는 어디에 있어요?
to escape	탈출하다
Thailand	태국
Are you from Thailand?	태국 사람이에요?
Türkiye	터키 독일 베트남 핀란드
I am a Turk.	터키 사람이에요. You might say: 저는 터키 사람이에요. But normally the person is detected from the context. So 'Jeo-neun' would only be needed if several persons are contrasted: He is Japanese, she is British and I am a Turk. He said that he is a Turk, but that is wrong, I am a Turk. etc.
I can't eat tomatoes.	토마토를 못 먹어요. Tomato-reul mot meogeoyo.
grass, herbs, small green plants	풀
France	프랑스
Frenchman	프랑스 사람
France is a country.	프랑스는 나라예요
but	하지만
but	하지만
school	학교 Hak-kyo
I go to school.	학교에 가요. Hak-kyo-e kayo.
I am at school.	학교에 있어요. Hak-kyo-e isseoyo.
I study at school.	학교에서 공부해요. Hak-kyo-e-seo kongbu-haeyo.
Korea	한국
Where is Korea?	한국 어디에 있어요?
Korea is on the map.	한국이 지도에 있어요. I don't use 'wi-e' here. It is not as if I said, there is a sandwich laying on top of the map. :D
cell phone	핸드폰 Did you notice the words hand and phone in there?
Where is my cell phone?	핸드폰이 어디에 있어요? Haendeupon-i eodi-e isseoyo? Lit. Where is the cell phone ? - 'My' is just deduced from the context.
Australia	호주
pepper	후추
Pepper or salt ?	후추 또는 소금?