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<p>
	You've already learned that you can <strong>link verbs</strong> by putting them in the <strong>て-for</strong>m.
</p>

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<p>
    You can also link a negative verb with other verbs and clauses by putting them in the plain negative form,
    which ends in <strong>ない</strong>, and then replacing the final <strong>い</strong> with <strong>なくて</strong>.
</p>

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<p>
    Just as with positive verbs,
    there is an implicit sense of succession with this pattern so that the actions are taken to occur in the order in which they are mentioned.
    Moreover, there's often a sense of cause and effect.
    That's why the pattern <strong>〜なくて</strong> is also often translated using the word <strong>so</strong>.
</p>

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Linking negative verbs with 〜なくて

<p>
	In this lesson we will practice linking verbs and clauses using the pattern <strong>て-form + て-form</strong>. While there are other ways to
	chain verbs/clauses together this is the most commonly used method. Please note that there is an implicit sense of succession with this pattern
	so that the actions are taken to occur in the order in which they are mentioned. Unlike with <strong>て-form + から</strong>, you can link as many clauses/verbs together as you like. 
</p>

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			<th>English</th>
			<th>Japanese</th>
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Linking verbs and clauses with the て-form

hiragana character

kanji

adnominal

adverb

auxiliary

conjunction

compound

i-adjective

interjection

noun

na-adjective

numeral

particle

case particle

conjunctive particle

discourse particle

prefix

pronoun

suffix

verb

sentence

hiragana writing

kanji writing

kanji component

reading vocabulary

katakana writing

katakana character

godan - group 1

itidan - group 2

group 3

transitive

intransitive

proper noun

discourse

phrase

expression

adjectival noun

adverbial phrase

adjectival phrase

The verb to be

Hiragana 1

Kanji 1

Writing hiragana 1

Writing kanji 1

Hiragana 2

Kanji 2

The question particle か

Writing hiragana 2

This one and that one

Writing kanji 2

Reading exercise 1

Reading exercise 2

Hiragana 3

Negating nouns

Writing hiragana 3

The topic particle は

Kanji 3

The possession particle の

い-adjectives and な-adjectives

The subject particle が

Here and there

There is, there are

Writing kanji 3

Kanji 4

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

Group 2 verbs

Hiragana 4

Verbs in the past tense

Negating verbs

Invitations and the particle と

Negating past verbs

Writing hiragana 4

Reading exercise 3

Writing kanji 4

Reading exercise 4

Kanji 5

Nouns and the past tense

This and that

The group 3 verbs する and 来る

The discourse particles ね and よ

The location particles に and で

Hiragana 5

Writing hiragana 5

Writing kanji 5

The destination particles に and へ

Kanji 6

The origin particle から

Hiragana 6

Relative positions

Conjugating い-adjectives

Writing hiragana 6

Writing kanji 6

Hiragana 7

Writing hiragana 7

Kanji 7

Conjugating な-adjectives

How are you?

The particle も

Question	Answer
to not do 〜 and ...; to not do 〜 so ...	〜なくて〜nakute
I didn't read the book and went to sleep.	本ほん　を　読よまなくて、　寝ねました。hon o yomanakute, nemashita.
I couldn't take the airplane and went by train.	飛ひ行こう機き　に　乗のれなくて、　電でん車しゃ　で　行いきました。hikouki ni norenakute, densha de ikimashita.
I couldn't go to the hospital, so I rested at home.	病びょう院いん　に　行いけなくて、　家いえ　で　休やすみました。byouin ni ikenakute, ie de yasumimashita.
I can't eat pork, so I'm ordering chicken.	豚ぶた肉にく　は　食たべられなくて、　鶏とり肉にく　を　注ちゅう文もんします。butaniku wa taberarenakute, toriniku o chuumonshimasu.

Japanese 330 - Linking negative verbs with 〜なくて

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