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### The Future Tense of *Essere* and *Avere*

The two most important verbs in Italian, **essere** (to be) and **avere** (to have), are irregular in the *futuro semplice*. They change their stems to **sar-** and **avr-**, but use the standard future endings.

| Pronoun | Future Ending | essere (to be) | avere (to have) |
|---------|---------------|----------------|-----------------|
| io      | -ò            | sar**ò**       | avr**ò**        |
| tu      | -ai           | sar**ai**      | avr**ai**       |
| lui/lei | -à            | sar**à**       | avr**à**        |
| noi     | -emo          | sar**emo**     | avr**emo**      |
| voi     | -ete          | sar**ete**     | avr**ete**      |
| loro    | -anno         | sar**anno**    | avr**anno**     |

Use these verbs to talk about where you will be and what you will have in the future:

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To express being successful in Italian, use the verb *avere* with the noun **successo** (*avere successo*).

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As you work toward your goals, you will often pair these future achievements with verbs like **sperare** (to hope) and adjectives like **orgoglioso** (proud).

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The future tense of to be and to have (sarò, avrò)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the future	il futuro
In the future, I will be very happy.	In futuro sarò molto felice.
the dream	il sogno
My dream will be possible.	Il mio sogno sarà possibile.
In the future we will have a big house.	In futuro noi avremo una casa grande.
I will have an important project in spring.	Avrò un progetto importante in primavera.
to achieve	realizzare
the goal (m)	l'obiettivo
Will you achieve this goal in summer?	Realizzerai questo obiettivo in estate?
to hope	sperare
the success	il successo
I hope to have success, but I will have nothing without work.	Spero di avere successo, ma non avrò niente senza il lavoro.
Next year, they will have a lot of success.	L'anno prossimo, loro avranno molto successo.
I will work a lot to achieve the goal.	Lavorerò molto per realizzare l'obiettivo.
the boss	il capo
the company (f)	l'azienda
I will be the boss of my company.	Sarò il capo della mia azienda.
independent	indipendente
You all will have a company and will be independent.	Voi avrete un'azienda e sarete indipendenti.
Who will be the new boss in January?	Chi sarà il nuovo capo a gennaio?
My daughter will be independent and will choose her life.	Mia figlia sarà indipendente e sceglierà la sua vita.
proud	orgoglioso
We will be very proud of your success.	Noi saremo molto orgogliosi del tuo successo.
You will be proud when you achieve something beautiful.	Sarai orgoglioso quando realizzerai qualcosa di bello.
We always hope for the future.	Noi speriamo sempre nel futuro.
I will have success, this is my dream.	Avrò successo, questo è il mio sogno.
the resolution, the intention (a proposito = by the way)	il proposito
My resolution for the new year is to study every day.	Il mio proposito per l'anno nuovo è studiare ogni giorno.
By the way, have you achieved your dream?	A proposito, hai realizzato il tuo sogno?

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