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### The preposition "con"

The preposition **con** means "with." It is used exactly as it is in English to express company (who you are with) or accompaniment.

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### The preposition "per"

The preposition **per** generally translates to "for." You will use it to indicate who something is intended for, a destination, or a duration of time (how long an action lasts).

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### The preposition "su"

The preposition **su** means "on" or "on top of" when talking about physical placement. It can also mean "about" when describing the topic of a book, article, or conversation.

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### The prepositions "tra" and "fra"

**Tra** and **fra** are completely interchangeable. They both mean "between" or "among," and you can choose whichever one sounds better in a given sentence.

First, they are used to describe a physical location between two or more things:

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Second, when used with time, **tra** and **fra** mean "in" (meaning an event will happen a certain amount of time from now).

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### Putting it all together

Once you know these simple prepositions, you can easily string them together to give vivid, detailed descriptions of where things are happening, why, and with whom.

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Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
to play	giocare
on, about	su
I play with my dogs on this beach.	Io gioco con i miei cani su questa spiaggia.
to walk	camminare
The girl walks with her dog.	La ragazza cammina con il suo cane.
We go to the cinema with you.	Noi andiamo al cinema con te.
article	l'articolo
This article is for you.	Questo articolo è per te.
I buy a gift for my parents.	Io compro un regalo per i miei genitori.
week	la settimana
I work in Rome for a week.	Lavoro a Roma per una settimana.
sofa	il divano
The dog sleeps on this sofa.	Il cane dorme su questo divano.
I read an article about Rome.	Leggo un articolo su Roma.
rug, carpet	il tappeto
The children play on a rug.	I bambini giocano su un tappeto.
between, among, in	fra
hour	l'ora
We leave for Rome in an hour.	Noi partiamo per Roma fra un'ora.
I arrive in an hour.	Arrivo tra un'ora.
The sofa is between the door and the window.	Il divano è tra la porta e la finestra.
We walk among these trees.	Camminiamo fra questi alberi.
They leave in a week.	Loro partono fra una settimana.
The cat sleeps on a comfortable bed.	Il gatto dorme su un letto comodo.
Your book is on this table.	Il tuo libro è su questo tavolo.
floor	il pavimento
I walk on this floor with the new shoes for the party.	Cammino su questo pavimento con le scarpe nuove per la festa.
I put the carpet on this floor between the table and the sofa.	Metto il tappeto su questo pavimento tra il tavolo e il divano.
soccer, football	il calcio
I play soccer with my friends.	Gioco a calcio con i miei amici.
The soccer match is today.	La partita di calcio è oggi.
tennis	il tennis
I play tennis with my sister.	Gioco a tennis con mia sorella.
Tennis is a fun sport.	Il tennis è uno sport divertente.
to do sports, to exercise	fare sport
I do sports at the park on Sundays.	Faccio sport al parco la domenica.
My brother does not do sports: he watches television.	Mio fratello non fa sport: guarda la televisione.

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