In the secretive world of an exclusive club, loyalties are constantly tested. To talk about plotting against rivals or operating without allies, you need to use a specific rule for combining prepositions and pronouns.
Prepositions before personal pronouns
When certain prepositions — such as senza (without), contro (against), dopo (after), sopra (above), and sotto (under) — are directly followed by a stressed personal pronoun (me, te, lui, lei, noi, voi, loro), Italian requires you to insert the preposition di between them.
For example, "against us" becomes contro di noi, and "without me" becomes senza di me.
| (linking a preposition to a following personal pronoun) | di |
| You conspire against us, but we do not expel you. | Voi cospirate contro di noi, ma non vi espelliamo. |
| The founder, who is very suspicious, does not dare to speak without me. | Il fondatore, il quale è molto sospettoso, non osa parlare senza di me. |
| Who dares to rise in the hierarchy after me? | Chi osa salire nella gerarchia dopo di me? |
This rule applies across all personal pronouns, whether you are below someone in the hierarchy or taking an oath without them:
| In the hierarchy, there is a lot of envy under us. | Nella gerarchia, c'è molta invidia sotto di noi. |
| Nobody dares to break the oath without you. | Nessuno osa rompere il giuramento senza di te. |
| The founder is above them in the group's hierarchy. | Il fondatore è sopra di loro nella gerarchia del gruppo. |
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