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### Pointing Things Out: "These"

To point out multiple objects or people nearby, use a plural demonstrative adjective ("these"). Like other adjectives, they must match the gender of the noun they describe.

- **questi** – these (masculine plural)
- **queste** – these (feminine plural)

Here is **questi** in action with masculine nouns:

{{item:803365}}

{{item:803378}}

And here is **queste** with feminine nouns:

{{item:803370}}

{{item:803374}}

### Demonstratives as Pronouns

You can also use **questi** and **queste** all by themselves to mean "these" or "these ones." When used this way, they act as pronouns, but they still match the gender of the noun they replace.

{{item:803386}}

{{item:803384}}

{{item:803385}}

### Listing Multiple Items

In English, we usually say "these pens and notebooks." In Italian, repeat the demonstrative before each noun in the list to match its specific gender.

{{item:803383}}

{{item:803388}}

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
these (masculine)	questi
the gift	il regalo
These gifts are very beautiful.	Questi regali sono molto belli.
These children are very young.	Questi bambini sono molto giovani.
these (feminine)	queste
the box	la scatola
full	pieno
These boxes are full.	Queste scatole sono piene.
empty	vuoto
Are these bags full or empty?	Queste borse sono piene o vuote?
the letter	la lettera
Are these letters old?	Queste lettere sono vecchie?
These windows are closed.	Queste finestre sono chiuse.
the dress / clothes	il vestito
These clothes are very clean.	Questi vestiti sono molto puliti.
These books are very difficult.	Questi libri sono molto difficili.
the pen	la penna
These pens are black.	Queste penne sono nere.
These boys are American.	Questi ragazzi sono americani.
the notebook	il quaderno
These pens and these notebooks are here.	Queste penne e questi quaderni sono qui.
The shops are closed today, but these are open.	I negozi sono chiusi oggi, ma questi sono aperti.
The chairs are occupied, but these are free.	Le sedie sono occupate, ma queste sono libere.
These are the new books.	Questi sono i libri nuovi.
These are the empty boxes.	Queste sono le scatole vuote.
These gifts and these dresses are new.	Questi regali e questi vestiti sono nuovi.
These letters and these notebooks are here.	Queste lettere e questi quaderni sono qui.