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### Passive Voice in Compound Tenses

To form the passive voice in compound tenses like the *passato prossimo*, use the compound form of the auxiliary **essere** followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Because *essere* takes itself as an auxiliary, you will use forms like **è stato** (was / has been) or **sono stati** (were / have been).

This means **both** the past participle of *essere* (*stato/a/i/e*) and the past participle of the main verb must agree in gender and number with the subject.

Notice how both *stata* and *organizzata* end in *-a* to match the feminine singular subject *l'esposizione*:

{{item:817548}}

Here, both participles end in *-o* to match the masculine singular subject *il dipinto*. Just like in simple tenses, the agent is introduced by **da** (or combined with the article, like **dal**):

{{item:817554}}

### Plurals and Negation

When the subject is plural, both participles shift to match. For a masculine plural subject (*questi dipinti*), both will end in *-i*.

{{item:817557}}

To make a passive sentence negative, simply place **non** right before the conjugated verb.

{{item:817564}}

Passive voice in compound tenses

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
exhibition	l'esposizione
gallery	la galleria
The exhibition was organized in a famous gallery.	L'esposizione è stata organizzata in una famosa galleria.
collection	la collezione
The whole collection was donated to the museum.	Tutta la collezione è stata donata al museo.
painting	il dipinto
authentic	autentico
critic	il critico
The authentic painting was analyzed by the critic.	Il dipinto autentico è stato analizzato dal critico.
to exhibit	esporre
to appreciate	apprezzare
These paintings were exhibited and much appreciated.	Questi dipinti sono stati esposti e molto apprezzati.
You should see the collection that was stolen from the gallery!	Dovresti vedere la collezione che è stata rubata dalla galleria!
This is the exhibition in which the painting was exhibited for a month.	Questa è l'esposizione nella quale il dipinto è stato esposto per un mese.
to acquire	acquistare
auction	l'asta
Two masterpieces were acquired at the auction for the museum.	Due capolavori sono stati acquistati all'asta per il museo.
Only authentic masterpieces were exhibited here.	Solo capolavori autentici sono stati esposti qui.
The sculpture was not appreciated by the critic.	La scultura non è stata apprezzata dal critico.
The work was sold to a foreign museum.	L'opera è stata venduta a un museo straniero.
The authentic painting was acquired at the auction.	Il dipinto autentico è stato acquistato all'asta.