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### A New Noun Ending: Singular "-e"

Many common Italian nouns end in **-e**. Unlike words ending in **-o** or **-a**, nouns ending in **-e** can be either masculine or feminine. The best way to learn their gender is to memorize them with their definite article (**il** or **la**).

Here is a masculine noun ending in **-e**:

{{item:803391}}

And here is a feminine one:

{{item:803394}}

### Making "-e" Nouns Plural

To make these nouns plural, change the final **-e** to **-i**. This applies to both masculine and feminine nouns.

| Gender | Singular | Plural |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Masculine | il ristorante | i ristoranti |
| Feminine | la chiave | le chiavi |

While the plural nouns both end in **-i**, their articles and adjectives must still match their true gender:

{{item:803392}}

{{item:803395}}

### Spotting Gender in Context

Because the noun's ending doesn't give away its gender, look for clues in the surrounding words. Definite articles, demonstratives, and adjectives will always reveal if a noun is masculine or feminine.

Notice how **il** and **rosso** show that **fiore** (flower) is masculine:

{{item:803400}}

Meanwhile, **la** and **rossa** show that **luce** (light) is feminine:

{{item:803403}}

Here is another feminine noun in both its singular and plural forms:

{{item:803412}}

{{item:803413}}

Nouns ending in -e

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
the restaurant	il ristorante
The restaurant is open today.	Il ristorante è aperto oggi.
These restaurants are very good.	Questi ristoranti sono molto buoni.
the key	la chiave
This key is new.	Questa chiave è nuova.
The keys are old and small.	Le chiavi sono vecchie e piccole.
the glass	il bicchiere
Is this glass empty?	Questo bicchiere è vuoto?
The glasses are clean.	I bicchieri sono puliti.
the flower	il fiore
The flower is red and very beautiful.	Il fiore è rosso e molto bello.
These flowers are big.	Questi fiori sono grandi.
the light	la luce
The light is red.	La luce è rossa.
The lights are here.	Le luci sono qui.
the newspaper	il giornale
The newspaper is Italian.	Il giornale è italiano.
The newspapers are new.	I giornali sono nuovi.
the fish	il pesce
This fish is very good.	Questo pesce è molto buono.
The fish are small and black.	I pesci sono piccoli e neri.
the station	la stazione
The station is big.	La stazione è grande.
The stations are closed today.	Le stazioni sono chiuse oggi.
the night	la notte
The night is beautiful.	La notte è bella.
These nights are very difficult.	Queste notti sono molto difficili.
the month	il mese
This month is difficult.	Questo mese è difficile.
These months are full.	Questi mesi sono pieni.