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### From head to toe

You already know the odd couples of Italian anatomy — *la mano, le mani*; *il braccio, le braccia* — and the head-words *la testa*, *l'occhio*, *l'orecchio*, *il labbro*. This lesson completes the body:

| parte del corpo | English |
|---|---|
| {{item:850236}} | the mouth |
| {{item:850241}} | the nose |
| {{item:850247}} | the throat |
| {{item:850253}} | the shoulder |
| {{item:850256}} | the back |
| {{item:850250}} | the stomach |
| {{item:850244}} | the skin |
| {{item:850259}} | the heart |
| **il piede** | the foot |

After the irregular plurals of the last lesson, these behave: *le spalle*, *le schiene*, *i piedi* — and *la bocca* keeps its hard **c** in the plural with an **h**: *le bocche*.

### Where it hurts

You can already say *ho mal di testa*. The same **mal di** pattern now stretches across the new words: *mal di gola* (a sore throat), *mal di stomaco* (a stomachache), *mal di schiena* (a backache). Italian usually skips the possessive with body parts — the article is enough:

{{item:850242}}

### On your feet

With **il piede** comes the phrase Italian uses for *to stand*: {{item:850262}} — literally *to stay on feet*, always in the plural.

{{item:850263}}

### With all your heart

{{item:850259}} beats at the center of Italian feeling, and *con tutto il cuore* is how you love: wholeheartedly.

{{item:850261}}

Il corpo (the body)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the foot	il piede
the mouth	la bocca
"Open your mouth," says the doctor.	Apri la bocca, dice il medico.
The child has his mouth full of bread.	Il bambino ha la bocca piena di pane.
The child's foot is small.	Il piede del bambino è piccolo.
I walk all day and my feet are tired.	Cammino tutto il giorno e i piedi sono stanchi.
the nose	il naso
My nose is blocked because of the cold.	Ho il naso chiuso per il raffreddore.
The dog's nose is cold.	Il naso del cane è freddo.
the skin	la pelle
My skin turns red in the sun.	La mia pelle diventa rossa al sole.
I wash my skin with water and soap.	Lavo la pelle con acqua e sapone.
the throat	la gola
I drink hot tea for my throat.	Bevo tè caldo per la gola.
The doctor looks at the child's throat.	Il dottore guarda la gola del bambino.
the stomach	lo stomaco
I ate too much: my stomach is full.	Ho mangiato troppo: lo stomaco è pieno.
My stomach is empty: when do we eat?	Ho lo stomaco vuoto: quando mangiamo?
the shoulder	la spalla
I carry the bag on one shoulder.	Porto la borsa su una spalla.
I move my shoulders slowly.	Muovo le spalle lentamente.
the back (of the body)	la schiena
The backpack is too heavy for my back.	Lo zaino è troppo pesante per la mia schiena.
I lie down and my back touches the ground.	Mi sdraio e la schiena tocca il suolo.
the heart	il cuore
When I run, I hear my heart.	Quando corro, sento il mio cuore.
I love you with all my heart.	Ti amo con tutto il cuore.
to stand, to be standing	stare in piedi
The train is full and I am standing.	Il treno è pieno e sto in piedi.
Grandpa is standing near the window.	Il nonno sta in piedi vicino alla finestra.

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