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In English, we add "-ly" to an adjective to create an adverb (like turning "slow" into "slowly"). In Italian, we add the suffix **-mente** to describe *how* an action is performed.

### Adjectives Ending in -o

To form an adverb from an adjective ending in **-o**, change it to the feminine singular form (**-a**), then add **-mente**.
- *lento* (slow) → *lenta* → *lentamente* (slowly)
- *sicuro* (certain) → *sicura* → *sicuramente* (certainly)

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### Adjectives Ending in -e

If an adjective already ends in **-e**, simply add **-mente** to the end of the word.
- *veloce* (quick) → *velocemente* (quickly)

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### Adjectives Ending in -le or -re

For adjectives ending in **-le** or **-re**, drop the final **-e** before adding **-mente**.
- *facile* (easy) → *facilmente* (easily)
- *gentile* (kind) → *gentilmente* (kindly)

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Adverbs of manner (-mente)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
slowly	lentamente
Today they are working very slowly.	Oggi lavorano molto lentamente.
She reads the document slowly.	Legge il documento lentamente.
quickly	velocemente
We are late, we must finish quickly.	Siamo in ritardo, dobbiamo finire velocemente.
In July they work quickly.	A luglio lavorano velocemente.
easily	facilmente
Do you easily understand this project?	Capite facilmente questo progetto?
Some students learn the language easily.	Qualche studente impara la lingua facilmente.
hardly / with difficulty	difficilmente
We hardly ever work on the weekend.	Difficilmente lavoriamo il fine settimana.
The exam is difficult, they hardly pass.	L'esame è difficile, passano difficilmente.
carefully	attentamente
You are tired, but you listen carefully.	Siete stanchi, ma ascoltate attentamente.
I always read the message carefully.	Leggo sempre attentamente il messaggio.
surely / certainly	sicuramente
They are definitely in the office now.	Sono sicuramente in ufficio adesso.
The director certainly arrives early.	Il direttore arriva sicuramente presto.
peacefully / calmly	tranquillamente
We are at home and we work peacefully.	Siamo a casa e lavoriamo tranquillamente.
In summer you can rest peacefully.	In estate potete riposare tranquillamente.
kindly	gentilmente
The doctor kindly answers a few questions.	La dottoressa risponde gentilmente a qualche domanda.
Can you kindly close the door?	Potete gentilmente chiudere la porta?
comfortably	comodamente
In winter we sleep comfortably.	In inverno dormiamo comodamente.
Do you travel comfortably by train?	Viaggiate comodamente in treno?
freely	liberamente
Here the children can play freely.	Qui i bambini possono giocare liberamente.
The dog runs freely in the garden.	Il cane corre liberamente in giardino.
practically, basically	praticamente
The fridge is practically empty.	Il frigorifero è praticamente vuoto.
I have practically finished the assignment.	Ho praticamente finito il compito.

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