| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a linking word meaning 'in spite of that; yet' (formal alternative to 'however') | nevertheless The evidence was limited; nevertheless, the findings were considered significant. |
| a linking word meaning 'in spite of that' (synonym of 'nevertheless') | nonetheless The project faced numerous challenges; nonetheless, it was completed on schedule. |
| a linking word meaning 'although; even though' (used mid-sentence) | albeit The results were positive, albeit somewhat limited in scope. |
| a linking word meaning 'in spite of; despite' (very formal) | notwithstanding Notwithstanding the economic downturn, consumer spending remained surprisingly robust. |
| a linking word meaning 'in the opposite way; on the other hand' | conversely Urban areas tend to have higher living costs; conversely, rural areas offer more affordable housing. |
| a linking word meaning 'on the contrary; in an opposite way' | contrarily The policy was expected to boost employment; contrarily, it led to increased layoffs. |
| a linking word meaning 'without being affected by; regardless of' | irrespective of All citizens should have access to healthcare, irrespective of their income level. |
| a linking word meaning 'without being affected by anything to the contrary' | regardless The university admits students on merit, regardless of their socioeconomic background. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'even so; despite what has just been said' | be that as it may The study had a small sample size; be that as it may, the conclusions are worth considering. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'while accepting that something is true' | granted that Granted that the initial costs are high, the long-term savings justify the investment. |
| a linking word meaning 'it must be accepted that; honestly speaking' | admittedly Admittedly, the research has certain limitations, but the overall findings are robust. |
| a linking word meaning 'as a result; therefore' (formal) | consequently The factory closed down; consequently, hundreds of workers lost their jobs. |
| a linking word meaning 'for that reason; therefore' | hence The population is ageing rapidly; hence, demand for geriatric care will continue to grow. |
| a linking word meaning 'as a result of this; therefore' (formal) | thus Deforestation reduces carbon absorption, thus contributing to global warming. |
| a linking word meaning 'for this reason; therefore' (very formal) | thereby The new law restricts emissions, thereby reducing the country's carbon footprint. |
| a linking word meaning 'in a way that is appropriate to what has just been said' | accordingly The budget was reduced; accordingly, several planned initiatives had to be postponed. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'because of this; as a result' | as a consequence Pollution levels rose sharply; as a consequence, respiratory illnesses increased across the region. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'by means of which; through which' | whereby The company introduced a system whereby employees could work remotely three days a week. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'given that; since' (formal) | in view of the fact that In view of the fact that resources are limited, priorities must be established carefully. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'to the extent that; because' | insofar as The policy was successful insofar as it reduced unemployment in the short term. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'because of; as a result of' (formal) | owing to Owing to a lack of investment, the transport network has deteriorated significantly. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'because of; due to' | on account of The event was cancelled on account of severe weather conditions. |
| a linking word meaning 'in addition to what has been said; besides' (formal) | furthermore The proposal is cost-effective; furthermore, it has minimal environmental impact. |
| a linking word meaning 'as a further matter; in addition' (formal) | moreover The drug proved effective in clinical trials; moreover, it had very few side effects. |
| a linking word meaning 'in the same way; also' (for drawing comparisons) | likewise Investment in education benefits the economy; likewise, spending on healthcare yields long-term returns. |
| a linking word meaning 'in a similar way; in the same manner' | similarly Japan has an ageing population; similarly, South Korea faces a declining birth rate. |
| a linking word meaning 'in a way that matches or is proportionate to' | correspondingly As demand has increased, prices have risen correspondingly. |
| a linking word meaning 'what is more; in addition' (emphatic) | indeed Renewable energy is cleaner than fossil fuels; indeed, it is now often cheaper as well. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'in addition to this; what is more' | on top of that The city suffers from traffic congestion; on top of that, public transport is unreliable. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'together with; as well as' (formal) | coupled with Rising temperatures, coupled with deforestation, have accelerated biodiversity loss. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'on the condition that; only if' | provided that Renewable energy can replace fossil fuels, provided that sufficient investment is made in infrastructure. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'as long as; only if' (formal) | on condition that The grant was awarded on condition that the funds be used exclusively for research purposes. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'in that case; if that is the situation' | in that event If funding is not secured, the programme will be cancelled; in that event, staff will be reassigned. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'if not; in any other case' | failing that The ideal solution is to increase public funding; failing that, private partnerships should be explored. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'instead of; as a substitute for' | in lieu of The company offered employees additional leave in lieu of a pay increase. |
| a linking word meaning 'after that; from that point on' | subsequently The initial trial was successful; subsequently, the programme was rolled out nationwide. |
| a linking word meaning 'after the thing just mentioned; from that time' | thereafter The regulation was introduced in 2010; thereafter, pollution levels dropped significantly. |
| a linking word meaning 'from this time on; from now onwards' | henceforth The board announced that henceforth all meetings would be conducted in English. |
| a linking word meaning 'until now or until the point in time under discussion' | hitherto The research explored a phenomenon that had hitherto been largely overlooked by scholars. |
| a linking word meaning 'in the time between two events' | meanwhile The government debated the policy for months; meanwhile, the crisis continued to worsen. |
| a linking word meaning 'at the same time; happening together' | simultaneously The university aims to simultaneously improve research output and enhance teaching quality. |
| a linking word meaning 'before now; at an earlier time' | formerly The building, formerly a factory, has been converted into a modern art gallery. |
| a linking word meaning 'at first; at the beginning of a process' | initially The policy was initially met with resistance but gradually gained widespread acceptance. |
| a linking word meaning 'in the end; after everything else has been considered' | ultimately The decision will ultimately depend on whether sufficient funding can be secured. |
| a linking word meaning 'that is to say; in other words' (used to clarify) | namely One factor above all determines IELTS success, namely consistent and targeted practice. |
| a linking word meaning 'more exactly or accurately' (used to refine a point) | more precisely The region is experiencing growth — more precisely, a twelve per cent increase in GDP this quarter. |
| a linking word meaning 'especially; in particular' | notably Several countries have made progress in renewable energy, notably Denmark and Germany. |
| a linking word meaning 'with particular reference to; more exactly' | specifically The report addresses environmental issues, specifically the impact of plastic waste on marine life. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'as an example of what has just been said' | a case in point Many countries struggle with urban pollution; China is a case in point. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'to make something clearer by using an example' | to illustrate this point To illustrate this point, consider the dramatic rise in online learning since the pandemic. |
| a linking word meaning 'for the most part; mainly' | predominantly The workforce in the technology sector is still predominantly male. |
| a linking word meaning 'for the most part; chiefly' | primarily The decline in bee populations is primarily caused by pesticide use and habitat loss. |
| a linking word meaning 'at the most basic level; fundamentally' | essentially The two proposals are essentially identical, differing only in their implementation timelines. |
| a linking word meaning 'without doubt; certainly' | undoubtedly Climate change is undoubtedly one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. |
| a linking word meaning 'it may be supposed that; probably' | presumably The new regulations will presumably lead to higher production costs for manufacturers. |
| a linking word meaning 'it could be argued that; one could claim that' | arguably Arguably, education is the single most important factor in reducing poverty. |
| a linking word meaning 'as far as appearances suggest; seemingly' | ostensibly The programme was ostensibly designed to help small businesses, but in practice it favoured large corporations. |
| a linking word meaning 'as is certain to happen; unavoidably' | inevitably As populations grow, cities will inevitably face greater pressure on housing and infrastructure. |
| a linking word meaning 'in a way that seems contradictory but may be true' | paradoxically Paradoxically, increased connectivity through social media has led to greater feelings of isolation. |
| a linking word meaning 'by the way; as a minor or less important point' | incidentally The study focused on urban pollution; incidentally, it also uncovered high noise levels in the area. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'taking everything into consideration; overall' | all things considered All things considered, the benefits of globalisation outweigh its drawbacks. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'to summarise; in short' | in a nutshell In a nutshell, the success of any education reform depends on adequate teacher training. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'considering all aspects of a situation' | on balance On balance, the policy has had more positive effects than negative ones. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'as a final point; lastly' | last but not least Last but not least, the role of parental support in academic achievement must not be overlooked. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'in relation to; about' (formal) | with respect to The report raised serious concerns with respect to the safety of the proposed construction site. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'concerning; on the subject of' (formal) | pertaining to New guidelines pertaining to data protection have been issued by the regulatory authority. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'in connection with; about' (formal) | with reference to With reference to your enquiry, I can confirm that the deadline has been extended. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'in comparison with; relative to' | vis-a-vis The country's economic performance vis-a-vis its neighbours has been disappointing. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'with the aim or purpose of' | with a view to The company restructured its operations with a view to improving long-term profitability. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'in order to prevent something from happening' | so as to avoid Strict protocols were implemented so as to avoid any repetition of the previous contamination incident. |
| a linking word meaning 'as another option; instead' | alternatively Students may write a dissertation; alternatively, they may complete a research portfolio. |
| a linking word meaning 'separately or individually in the order already mentioned' | respectively The UK, France, and Germany contributed 30%, 25%, and 20% respectively to the joint research fund. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'in a corresponding manner; to the same degree' | by the same token Higher taxes may reduce inequality; by the same token, they may also discourage investment. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'from the point of view of; as far as something is concerned' | in terms of In terms of academic achievement, Finland consistently ranks among the top nations worldwide. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'as a result of; arising from' | in the context of In the context of rapid urbanisation, affordable housing has become a critical policy issue. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'to a large degree; very much so' | to a great extent The success of the initiative depends to a great extent on community involvement. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'to only a small degree; partly' | to a limited extent The reforms have improved efficiency, but only to a limited extent. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'viewed from a wider perspective; in general' | in the broader sense In the broader sense, education encompasses not just formal schooling but lifelong learning. |
| a linking word meaning 'above all; most importantly' | first and foremost First and foremost, any reform must prioritise the well-being of the most vulnerable members of society. |
| a linking phrase meaning 'with no exceptions; completely' | without exception Without exception, all participants reported an improvement in their language skills after the course. |
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