Vertical position and motion adverbs (upp, niður)

Icelandic strictly distinguishes between moving in a direction and being located in a place.

Moving Up and Down (Motion)

When actively moving, use upp (up) and niður (down).

I take the elevator up.
Ég tek lyftuna upp.
Go carefully down the stairs!
Farðu varlega niður stigann!

Being Upstairs and Downstairs (Position)

When you are already in a location, add -i to the directional word: uppi (up/upstairs) and niðri (down/downstairs).

The family is upstairs.
Fjölskyldan er uppi.
The boy is waiting downstairs in the basement.
Strákurinn bíður niðri í kjallaranum.

Motion vs. Position

Compare moving onto a roof versus already being there:

The cat jumps up on the roof.
Kötturinn hoppar upp á þakið.
He sits up on the roof.
Hann situr uppi á þakinu.

Similarly, contrast looking up at a ceiling versus something resting on it:

Look up at the ceiling!
Horfðu upp í loftið!
The light is up in the ceiling.
Ljósið er uppi í loftinu.

At the Top and Bottom

To describe the highest or lowest point of a space, use the static adverbs efst (at the top) and neðst (at the bottom).

The apartment is at the top.
Íbúðin er efst.
The cat is at the bottom of the stairs.
Kötturinn er neðst í stiganum.

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