Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

In Icelandic, making an indefinite noun plural means changing or adding a suffix. The most common plural endings for the nominative case (the subject of a sentence) are -ar, -ir, and -ur.

Which ending a noun takes depends on its gender and singular form:

GenderSingularPluralEnding
Masculinehesturhestar-ar
Masculinegesturgestir-ir
Femininevikavikur-ur
Feminineborgborgir-ir
Femininevélvélar-ar

Masculine Nouns: -ar and -ir

Most masculine nouns take -ar. Drop any singular ending (like -ur, -i, or -ir) before adding the plural suffix.

There are five horses outside.
Það eru fimm hestar úti.
Are good days coming soon?
Koma góðir dagar bráðum?

Some masculine nouns take -ir instead.

Here are eight guests now.
Hér eru átta gestir núna.
These are very old things.
Þetta eru mjög gamlir hlutir.

Feminine Nouns: -ur, -ir, and -ar

Feminine nouns ending in -a drop it and add -ur.

These are six weeks.
Þetta eru sex vikur.
Five minutes are not much.
Fimm mínútur eru ekki mikið.

Feminine nouns ending in a consonant usually take -ir or -ar.

Cities in Iceland are big.
Borgir á Íslandi eru stórar.
These are big questions.
Þetta eru stórar spurningar.
New machines are good.
Nýjar vélar eru góðar.

Neuter Nouns

Neuter nouns are the easiest: they do not take an ending in the nominative plural! A bare neuter noun like hús (house) stays hús (houses) in the plural.

Here are examples combining different plural endings:

These are five minutes, not ten hours.
Þetta eru fimm mínútur, ekki tíu tímar.
Here are six cities and eight things.
Hér eru sex borgir og átta hlutir.