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Icelandic

### Counting from One to Four

In Icelandic, the numbers 1 through 4 change their form depending on the gender of the noun they describe. When counting out loud or talking about masculine nouns, you will use their default masculine forms: **einn** (1), **tveir** (2), **þrír** (3), and **fjórir** (4).

When you use these numbers in a sentence, place them directly before the noun. Remember that any number greater than one requires a plural noun and a plural verb (like **eru**, meaning "are").

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### Numbers Five to Ten

The numbers 5 through 10 are uninflected, which means they never change their form, no matter the gender of the noun. You can use them with masculine nouns, neuter nouns (like **börn**), or feminine nouns (like **konur**) without altering the number.

These numbers are **fimm** (5), **sex** (6), **sjö** (7), **átta** (8), **níu** (9), and **tíu** (10).

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Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
one	einn
Here is one car.	Hér er einn bíll.
I find one dog good.	Mér finnst einn hundur góður.
two	tveir
Here are two cars.	Hér eru tveir bílar.
Are two boys outside?	Eru tveir strákar úti?
three	þrír
We are three friends.	Við erum þrír vinir.
Three dogs sit here.	Þrír hundar sitja hér.
four	fjórir
Four men come home now.	Fjórir menn koma heim núna.
These are not four cats.	Þetta eru ekki fjórir kettir.
five	fimm
Five boys sleep inside.	Fimm strákar sofa inni.
These are five students.	Þetta eru fimm nemendur.
six	sex
Where are six doctors?	Hvar eru sex læknar?
Six friends play together.	Sex vinir spila saman.
seven	sjö
Seven students study at home.	Sjö nemendur læra heima.
Seven teachers talk a lot.	Sjö kennarar tala mikið.
eight	átta
Here are eight children.	Hér eru átta börn.
Are eight dogs at home?	Eru átta hundar heima?
nine	níu
Nine women talk together outside.	Níu konur tala saman úti.
When do nine boys come home?	Hvenær koma níu strákar heim?
ten	tíu
Ten Icelanders come tonight.	Tíu Íslendingar koma í kvöld.
We are ten.	Við erum tíu.