Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Group 2 Verbs (-ir)

While Group 1 verbs end in -ar for most singular pronouns, Group 2 verbs use -ir. For a verb like læra (to study), apply these rules:

• ég takes an -i ending (ég læri).
• þú, hann, hún, and það take an -ir ending (þú lærir).
• Plural forms take the same endings you already know: -um, -ið, and -a.

Group 3 Verbs (-ur)

Group 3 verbs take an -ur ending for þú, hann, hún, and það. The ég form usually has no ending at all—just the verb stem. Plural endings remain the same.

However, many of these verbs have slight stem changes in the singular forms:

1. Dropping the "j" Verbs ending in -ja, like skilja (to understand) and sitja (to sit), drop the j in the singular forms but keep it in the plural.

• ég skil, þú skilur
• við skiljum

2. The Vowel Shift (o to e) Some verbs, like sofa (to sleep) and koma (to come), change the o in their stem to an e in the singular. The plural forms keep the original o.

• ég sef, hann sefur
• við sofum

Adverbs and More Practice

To say "sometimes," use the word stundum. Just like alltaf (always), it usually comes immediately after the verb in a simple sentence.

Finally, let's look at one more Group 2 (-ir) verb: kaupa (to buy). It follows the exact same rules as læra.