Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

In Icelandic, certain prepositions change the ending of the noun that follows them. Use the dative case for origin or a static location (where something is right now) after the prepositions frá (from), í (in), and á (on).

Here is how bare singular nouns (nouns without "the" attached) change in the dative case.

Origin with "frá"

Use frá + dative for origin:

  • Ísland (Iceland) adds an -i to become Íslandi.
  • Reykjavík does not change.
I am from Iceland.
Ég er frá Íslandi.
Are you from Reykjavik?
Ert þú frá Reykjavík?

Location with "í" and "á" (Masculine Nouns)

Bare masculine nouns change their endings:

  • Nouns ending in -i (like kassi, box) change to -a (kassa).
  • Nouns ending in -ur (like skápur, cabinet) drop the -ur completely (skáp).
The cat is in a box.
Kötturinn er í kassa.
I want to sleep on a sofa.
Mig langar að sofa á sófa.
The coffee is in a cabinet.
Kaffið er í skáp.

Feminine Nouns

Bare feminine nouns ending in -a (like skúffa, drawer, or stofa, living room) change to -u (skúffu, stofu).

The key is in a drawer.
Lykillinn er í skúffu.
We are sitting in a living room.
Við sitjum í stofu.

Neuter Nouns

Most bare neuter nouns ending in a consonant (like rúm, bed) add an -i (rúmi).

The girl is sleeping in bed.
Stelpan sefur í rúmi.

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